Possible adverse effects of low-level laser on oral and oropharyngeal cancer cells: A scope review.

BACKGROUND: The effects of laser therapy on normal cells are well known and accepted, but the impact of this therapy on malignant cells are not yet fully understood. This review aims to map and outline what the scientific literature addresses on the effects of laser therapy on malignant cells. METHODS: This review article followed the guidelines of the PRISMA-ScR protocol, being all the search, analysis, and selection of articles based on it. RESULTS: After all application of the predetermined criteria, five studies were included, dated between the years 2013 and 2021. With the complete reading of the selected studies, 100% of the articles were classified as category III of the Agency for Healthcare as Research and Quality classification. Similar themes among the papers included were investigated and compared. In these five studies, the visible red and near infrared wavelengths were used, and energy densities varied between 1 and 5 J/cm2 . It was observed that low-level laser could alter the expression of cell proliferation and migration proteins, such as cyclin D1, E-cadherin, and ß-catenin. In addition, changes related to increased cell viability and metabolism were also identified. CONCLUSION: The low-level laser seems to positively regulate the proliferative, migratory, and viability capacity of neoplastic cells, depending on the protocol used. All these studies included in the review are equivalent to in vitro studies; the cells are not in such a complex environment as is an organized tissue, making it necessary to carry out more complex tests, such as in vivo research.

Perfil do cuidador de pessoas com deficiência / Profile of caregivers of disabled Persons

Introdução: Pessoa com deficiência (PCD) são aquelas quepossuem limitações ou incapacidade para o desempenho deatividade e se enquadram nas categorias física, visual, auditiva,mental e múltipla. Em muitos casos as PCD precisam decuidados especiais. Entende-se como cuidador aquele quevivencia o ato de cuidar, e se responsabiliza em desenvolverações de ajuda, proteção, prevenção e recuperação da saúde.Objetivo: Este estudo transversal teve o propósito de conhecero perfil dos cuidadores com relação ao cuidado da Pessoacom Deficiência adscritos nos distritos sanitários da cidade deJoão Pessoa (PB). Material e métodos: A amostra do estudo foiestratificada por conglomerados, a partir de um universoestimado de 682 cuidadores de PCD, sendo representativacom 246 participantes. Os dados foram coletados em umformulário e analisados quantitativamente por estatísticadescritiva. Resultados: A maioria dos cuidadores possuía gênerofeminino, ensino fundamental, com média de 49 anos deidade. A maior parte dos pesquisados era cuidador familiar deuma PCD, sem ajuda de parentes, e, apesar de não possuíremcapacitação específica, sentiam-se seguros para exercer o atode cuidar. A deficiência intelectual foi a mais frequentementecuidada. A maioria dos cuidadores apresentou patologias esentimentos negativos após assumirem a responsabilidade decuidar, compreendiam que a divisão de responsabilidades decuidar com outros familiares poderia melhorar sua qualidadede vida e não recebiam cuidados. Conclusão: A maioria dospesquisados eram cuidadores familiares e necessitam decapacitação e cuidados. Sugeriu-se o fortalecimento e aimplementação de políticas públicas de saúde para quemexerce a função de cuidar.

Introducion: Disabled people (DP) are defined as those withlimiting capacity or incapacity to perform activities due tophysical, visual, auditory, mental and multiple disorders. Inmany cases, DP need special care. A caregiver is understoodas the one who experiences the act of caring and is responsiblefor developing aid actions, protection, prevention and healthrecovery. Objective: This was a cross-sectional study aiming tounderstand the profile of caregivers of DP assigned to healthdistricts in the city of João Pessoa, PB. Material and methods:The study sample was stratified by conglomerates, including atotal of 246 respondents from an estimated universe of 682 DPcaregivers. The data were collected through a form andanalyzed quantitatively using descriptive statistics. Results:Most caregivers were females, with elementary education, andaged 49 years on average. The majority of respondents werecaregivers of a disabled person receiving no further help fromtheir relatives. Despite lacking specific training, the respondentsfelt safe to exercise the act of care. DP with intellectualdeficiency were the most frequently cared individuals. Mostcaregivers presented disorders and negative feelings after takingresponsibility for the disabled person. Furthermore, they reportedthat’s haringcare responsibility with other family members couldimprove their quality of life, as they received no care either.Conclusion: The majority of respondents were family caregiversin need of training and care. Public health policies targetingcaregivers should be strengthened and implemented.