RESUMO
Context: Clinical study for immunity. Aims: The present study aimed to assess the effect of proprietary polyherbal formulation (PPHF), labelled as Kofol immunity tablets (KIT) on innate and adaptive immune responses in healthy individuals, on the backdrop of COVID-19 pandemic. Settings and Design: Single-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, exploratory study in institutional setting. Materials and Methods: Post Ethics Committee permission, screened healthy individuals of either sex aged 18-35 years were randomized to PPHF/Placebo for 2 months. Major assessment variables included peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), questionnaire-based immune status, perceived stress, and quality of life (QOL) with immune-specific cell counts (CD4+, CD8+), cytokines (interferon gamma [IFN-γ], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], interleukin 10 [IL-10]), and oxidative stress in red blood cells (RBCs) (malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase [GPx]), done at day 60. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean ± standard deviation and paired/unpaired t-test for parametric data analysis while median (range) and Wilcoxon Rank sum test/Mann-Whitney test for nonparametric data analysis, were done. Categorical data was analyzed using Chi-square test. GraphPad InStat software, version 9 was used with p < 0.05, as the level of statistical significance. Results: Of 52 recruited, 28 individuals completed the study. PPHF significantly increased PEFR, improved immune status along with QOL compared to baseline. It also decreased perceived stress from moderate and severe grade to mild. Serum IFN-γ levels remained almost constant post-PPHF treatment. PPHF significantly decreased MDA and increased GPx in RBCs. Significant decrease and increase in TNF-α and IL-10, respectively, were seen in PPHF group. The safety parameters post-PPHF treatment remained within normal reference ranges. Conclusions: PPHF is an efficacious and safe formulation with immunomodulatory potential.
RESUMO
AIM & OBJECTIVES: Clinical trials had concluded a significant relationship between implant failure and bruxism. A three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) was done to evaluate the stress distribution in straight and angled abutments around titanium and carbon fiber-reinforced polyetheretherketone (CFR-PEEK) implant with 2 different prosthetic crowns under parafunctional loading. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Twelve 3D models of bone block were created representing the maxillary right premolar area with osseointegrated implants. The models were divided in two group; CFR-PEEK implant (n â= â6) and group titanium implant (n â= â6).Each group was subdivided based on implants with three different abutments (straight, 15°, 25° angled abutments) and having two different prosthetic crowns: porcelain fused to metal (PFM) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). A vertical load of 1000 âN was applied to the central fossa and an oblique load of 500 âN (30°) was applied to the buccal incline of the palatal cusp. The von Mises stresses and principal stresses were analyzed using ANSYS software. RESULTS: CFR-PEEK and titanium implants produced similar stress in bone under vertical and oblique loading. Straight abutment showed better results than 15° and 25° angled abutments in all the groups. PEEK crown produced lesser stress than PFM crown under vertical and oblique loading. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that straight abutment along with PEEK crown could be given in patients with bruxism to reduce the stress concentration in bone, thus preventing possible implant failure. Titanium and CFR-PEEK implants with straight abutments if given, then it should be provided with an occlusal splint.
RESUMO
The aim of the present study was to establish the efficacy of the socket-shield technique (SST) for the stabilization of the facial gingival and osseous architecture. An electronic search including the Cochrane databases, EBSCOhost, Medline/PubMed and Web of Science was performed. Articles related to SST for placing dental implants were included. Articles and abstracts not written in English were excluded. The initial literature search resulted in 113 articles related to questions raised. Hand searching of the journals related to implants and cross-referencing related to SST within the selected articles resulted in 1 more paper. Finally, 20 full texts and abstract of 1 article were included in the present systematic review: 11 case reports, 6 case series, 1 human randomized control trial (RCT), 1 technical report and 2 animal RCT. Recent modifications in SST, along with long follow-up studies with increased sample size, provided promising results. This systematic review still recommends that SST should not be used in routine clinical practise until a higher level of evidence established. Further RCT on SST are required to establish the clinical efficacy of this technique.
