Acute Pain Management.

Control of acute pain in oral and maxillofacial surgery is important for patient care and comfort. Oral surgical procedures are associated with tissue injury and inflammation. Acute pain can arise directly from a surgical procedure or from problems such as dental caries, infection, perforation of maxillary sinus, pericoronitis, and jaw fractures. The major factor in acute pain management is deciding on an appropriate intervention and/or analgesics that will provide the best pain relief. Multimodal pain control has taken a leading role in effectively managing acute pain. This article covers the different options available to dental clinicians.

Maxillofacial Bone Grafting Materials: 2021 Update.

For successful outcomes in bone grafting, it is important to have a clear and detailed understanding of the fundamentals and basics in regenerative science. This article summarize the grafting materials and growth factors that are now in use to provide an improved understanding of the properties of each material and indications for subsequent use. The article gives an overview of the fundamentals of bone healing, including the physiology of regeneration. It is hoped that clinicians can make improved decisions that are based in literature when considering treatment options for restoring patients' functional dentition.

Maxillofacial Bone Grafting Materials.

The goal of bone grafting is to replace normal bone volume and structure with healthy, well-vascularized bone that will undergo normal remodeling. The ideal bone will regenerate bone and not repair it. Currently four types of grafting material are available to clinicians for regenerative use in oral and maxillofacial surgery: autologous bone, allogeneic bone, xenogenic bone, and alloplastic bone. Additionally, bioactive agents, growth factors, are now being used to stimulate osteoinductive properties of native bone for bone regeneration. This article reviews the literature and summarizes the benefits and disadvantages of each respective graft and illustrates its use in clinical practice.