Chikungunya outbreak in Montpellier, France, September to October 2014.

In October 2014, an outbreak of 12 autochthonous chikungunya cases, 11 confirmed and 1 probable, was detected in a district of Montpellier, a town in the south of France colonised by the vector Aedes albopictus since 2010. A case returning from Cameroon living in the affected district was identified as the primary case. The epidemiological investigations and the repeated vector control treatments performed in the area and around places frequented by cases helped to contain the outbreak. In 2014, the chikungunya and dengue surveillance system in mainland France was challenged by numerous imported cases due to the chikungunya epidemic ongoing in the Caribbean Islands. This first significant outbreak of chikungunya in Europe since the 2007 Italian epidemic, however, was due to an East Central South African (ECSA) strain, imported by a traveller returning from West Africa. Important lessons were learned from this episode, which reminds us that the threat of a chikungunya epidemic in southern Europe is real.

[Psychiatric comorbidity in clinical Tourette Syndrome's samples]. / Comorbilidad Psiquiátrica en Poblaciones Clínicas con Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette.

Classically conceived essentially as a rare neurological disorder, Tourette Syndrome (TS) is frequently associated with comorbid disorders such as attention deficit, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control problem and a variety of other behavioral symptoms that can clearly have an impact on cognitive,educational and psychosocial function and can be more debilitating than the cardinal motor features. The full spectrum of TS is often not recognized in our medical community while it's usual atributtion to exclusive pshycogenic causes leads to underdiagnosis. Meanwhile epidemiological studies shows it's increasingly prevalence and its pottencially multiple deficits, specially on pediatrical clinical population. Through her experience as a tourette's clinical researcher the author review Tourette syndrome's clinical features and it's natural course, sharing the results and conclusions of an interdisciplinary clinical research about The Importance of an Early Diagnosis of Comorbidity in a Clinical Sample of 51 argentine patients with TS.

Comorbilidad Psiquiátrica en Poblaciones Clínicas con Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette / [Psychiatric comorbidity in clinical Tourette Syndrome’s samples]

Classically conceived essentially as a rare neurological disorder, Tourette Syndrome (TS) is frequently associated with comorbid disorders such as attention deficit, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control problem and a variety of other behavioral symptoms that can clearly have an impact on cognitive,educational and psychosocial function and can be more debilitating than the cardinal motor features. The full spectrum of TS is often not recognized in our medical community while it’s usual atributtion to exclusive pshycogenic causes leads to underdiagnosis. Meanwhile epidemiological studies shows it’s increasingly prevalence and its pottencially multiple deficits, specially on pediatrical clinical population. Through her experience as a tourette’s clinical researcher the author review Tourette syndrome’s clinical features and it’s natural course, sharing the results and conclusions of an interdisciplinary clinical research about The Importance of an Early Diagnosis of Comorbidity in a Clinical Sample of 51 argentine patients with TS.

Comorbilidad Psiquiátrica en Poblaciones Clínicas con Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. / [Psychiatric comorbidity in clinical Tourette Syndromes samples]

Classically conceived essentially as a rare neurological disorder, Tourette Syndrome (TS) is frequently associated with comorbid disorders such as attention deficit, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control problem and a variety of other behavioral symptoms that can clearly have an impact on cognitive,educational and psychosocial function and can be more debilitating than the cardinal motor features. The full spectrum of TS is often not recognized in our medical community while its usual atributtion to exclusive pshycogenic causes leads to underdiagnosis. Meanwhile epidemiological studies shows its increasingly prevalence and its pottencially multiple deficits, specially on pediatrical clinical population. Through her experience as a tourettes clinical researcher the author review Tourette syndromes clinical features and its natural course, sharing the results and conclusions of an interdisciplinary clinical research about The Importance of an Early Diagnosis of Comorbidity in a Clinical Sample of 51 argentine patients with TS.

Adrenergic activity in hypothalamus and ovulation.

PIP: The turnover of norepinephrine (NE) and its synthesis in the hypothalamus in rats just prior to and subsequent to ovulation was studied. Hypothalamic NE concentration in proestrus (preovulatory) was higher than in estrus rats (3.48 plus or minus) .09 mcg/gm vs. 2.13 plus or minus .04 mcg/gm). When methylester hydrochloride (MPT), a blocker of catecholamine biosynthesis, was injected, proestrus rats NE dropped 62% vs. estrus rats' drop of 28.6%. Tritiated NE injected to show synthesis rates showed a higher rate of NE synthesis produced in the hypothalamus during proestrus vs. estrus. In addition there was an increase in NE levels between diestrus Day 2 and proestrus localized to the anterior and middle hypothalamus.^ieng