RESUMO
Two snake antivenoms are distributed in Cameroon, though their availability in district hospitals varies. These snake antivenoms are FAV-Afrique (Aventis Pasteur) available at Centre Pasteur Cameroun and Polyvalent serum (Serum Institute of India = SII) distributed by a wholesaler (CENAME). The price remains a very important factor. We have noted that some district hospitals do not stock antivenom at all, while others stock very few and sometimes only one vial whereas a good management of snakebite may require up to 14 vials for some envenomations. However, data collected by the CAMHERP project that permit to identify high-risk areas of envenomation might be used as a database for the distribution of snake antivenom in Cameroon.
Assuntos
Antivenenos , Avaliação das Necessidades/estatística & dados numéricos , Venenos de Serpentes/antagonistas & inibidores , Camarões , HumanosAssuntos
Antimaláricos/farmacologia , Malária Falciparum/parasitologia , Fenantrenos/farmacologia , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Camarões , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Congo , Resistência a Medicamentos , Humanos , Lactente , Malária Falciparum/tratamento farmacológico , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Based on the results of in vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine, and evaluation of drug consumption conducted in 1987-1988 in four areas in the north and south-west of Cameroon, two opposite situations were encountered in this country. In northern Cameroon where mefloquine resistance is prevalent a close correlation was found between the responses of P. falciparum to mefloquine and to quinine, but not between mefloquine and chloroquine. In the south, where chloroquine resistance is highly prevalent, no correlation was found neither between mefloquine and chloroquine nor mefloquine and quinine, but the responses to quinine and chloroquine appear partly correlated. These results lead to formulate the hypothesis of a "southern" type of P. falciparum submitted to a high chloroquine drug pressure inducing a secondary cross resistance, whilst a "northern" type submitted to a relatively high and abortive quinine drug pressure inducing a primary quinine resistance and a secondary cross resistance with mefloquine.
Assuntos
Malária Falciparum/tratamento farmacológico , Mefloquina/farmacologia , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinina/farmacologia , Animais , Camarões/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Resistência a Medicamentos , Uso de Medicamentos , Humanos , Lactente , Malária Falciparum/epidemiologia , Mefloquina/uso terapêutico , Quinina/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Based on the results of in vitro sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine, and evaluation of drug consumption conducted in 1987-1988 in four areas in the noth and south-west of Cameron, two opposite situations were encountered in this country. In northern Cameron where mefloquine resistance is prevalent a close correlation was found between the responses of P. falciparum to mefloquine and to quinine, but not between mefloquine and chloroquine. In the south, where chloroquine resistance is highly prevalent, no correlation was found neither between mefloquine and chloroquine nor mefloquine and quinine, but the responses to quinine and chloroquine appear partly correlated. These lead to formulate the hypothesis of a "southern" type of P. falciparum submitted to a high chloroquine drug pressure inducing a secondary cross resistance, whilst a "northern"type submitted to a relatively high and abortive quinine drug pressure inducing a primary quinine resistance and a secondary cross resistance with mefloquine
