Análisis del afrontamiento de rupturas amorosas desde la psicología del consumidor / Analysis of How People Cope with Love Breakups from Consumer Psychology

Resumen La psicología del consumidor permite analizar las respuestas de los individuos ante diversas situaciones. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar los mecanismos de afrontamiento de la soledad generada por rupturas amorosas a la luz de la psicología del consumidor, con un enfoque centrado en las motivaciones de resolución de la situación de ruptura de manera no clínica y mediada por la dinámica de consumo de bienes o servicios reparadores. El estudio fue de tipo cualitativo, sobre diez entrevistas en profundidad a siete mujeres y tres hombres que experimentaron los efectos y las consecuencias de una ruptura amorosa en el último año. Se encontró que los afectados recurren a variadas formas de consumo como la música, libros de apoyo, actividades deportivas y de ocio, lo que les proporcionó maneras de pasar el tiempo, mantener la mente activa, tener interacción social para divertirse y reconectarse con amigos y familia, de tal forma que pudieron mejorar la relación consigo mismos en esa fase situacional de sus vidas. Se concluye que la mediación de actividades de consumo y el redescubrimiento de nexos sociales son fuentes importantes para reponerse de la ruptura amorosa. El estudio presenta limitaciones en cuanto al número de participantes, pero logrando saturación en la información obtenida.

Abstract Consumer psychology allows us to analyze the responses of individuals to various situations. This study aimed to explore the way in which the loneliness generated by love breakups is faced in light of consumer psychology, with a focus on the motivations of individuals to cope with the situation in a non-clinical way and mediated by the dynamics of the consumption of restorative goods or services. The method of the study was qualitative, for which ten in-depth interviews were carried out with seven women and three men, who experienced the effects and consequences associated with love breakups in the past year. The findings show that they resorted to a variety of consumption practices focused on music, support books, sports, and leisure activities, which provided them ways to pass the time, keep the mind active, and have social interactions to have fun and reconnect with friends and family, in a way that allowed them to improve their relationship with themselves in this phase of their lives. It is concluded that the mediation of consumption activities and the rediscovery of social connections are important means to recover from de love breakups. The study has limitations in terms of the number of participants, but it achieves a saturation point in the information obtained.

Selling of Products: The Use of Single-Electrode Wireless EEG in Consumer Behavior.

The results of three different groups of customers, each exposed to a different sales technique, were compared in order to evaluate which sales technique was more effective for achieving higher levels of sustained attention. The study used the Neurosky headband to measure brainwaves in millivolts. The three compared sales techniques were: 1) the training technique for sale, termed as structured by the AIDA model; 2) the traditional sale, here called unstructured; 3) and a structured technique with the help of simultaneous stimulation by several neuroattentional pathways, prescribed by the developments of the neuroscience of consumption (CN). The results showed a statistically significant difference in achieved sustained attention levels, presenting higher levels in clients exposed to the sales training technique and ower scores in those exposed to one of the techniques used by the CN. These results are discussed in relation to the concept of sustained attention in clients when the stimulation of a single neuroattentional pathway is used as compared to the activation of several pathways simultaneously.

Con el objetivo de conocer qué tipo de técnica de venta es más efectiva en lograr mayores niveles de atención sostenida, se compararon los resultados obtenidos por tres grupos de clientes expuestos, cada uno, a una técnica de venta de un mismo producto. Para el efecto se recurrió a la medición en milivoltios de ondas cerebrales de atención a través de diademas Neurosky. Las tres técnicas de venta comparadas fueron: 1) la técnica de entrenamiento en venta, estructurada según el modelo AIDA; 2) la venta tradicional, denominada aquí como no estructurada; 3) y una técnica estructurada con ayuda de estimulación simultánea por varias vías neuroatencionales, prescrita por los desarrollos de la neurociencia del consumo (NC). Los resultados mostraron una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en los niveles de atención sostenida alcanzados, presentando mayores niveles en los clientes expuestos a la técnica de entrenamiento en venta y menores puntajes en aquellos expuestos a una de las técnicas usadas por la NC. Estos resultados se discuten en relación con el concepto de atención sostenida en los clientes, cuando se recurre a la estimulación de una vía neuroatencional en comparación con la activación de varias vías simultáneamente.

Análisis de los elementos de mercadeo social implícitos en campañas de prevención de embarazo en adolescentes / Analysis of Social Implicit Marketing Elements in Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention Campaigns / Análise dos elementos de marketing social implícitos nas campanhas de prevenção da gravidez na adolescência

Resumen Objetivo: Este artículo analiza dos campañas orientadas a prevenir el embarazo en adolescentes, con el fin de elucidar la incorporación de elementos procedentes de disciplinas como el mercadeo, y cómo estos pudieron incidir en los logros de las mismas, a la luz del modelo de "la rueda de mercadeo social". Metodología: Se revisaron informes de estudios cualitativos y cuantitativos sobre las campañas "Sexo a lo Bien" y "Parents Speak Up!", realizadas en dos contextos sociales diferentes: una en Colombia y la otra en Estados Unidos. El procedimiento de análisis fue el rastreo de elementos de mercadeo implícitos en ambas campañas, a partir de los archivos identificados sobre las mismas. Resultados: Se evidencia que la falta de coherencia entre la definición del problema, la estrategia usada y la ejecución de la misma afecta los resultados esperados en una de las campañas. La campaña "Parents Speak Up!" presenta logros importantes, porque se basó en un buen respaldo teórico, articulado con una ejecución bien definida frente a distintos públicos focalizados. La menor efectividad de resultados en la campaña "Sexo a lo Bien" se debe a la ambiciosa propuesta, así como en la falta de coherencia entre la concepción del problema que se enfrenta y la poca claridad en definición de públicos de interés y en el contenido de los mensajes. Conclusiones: Para el logro efectivo de resultados en campañas educativas sobre prevención de embarazo en adolescentes, el mercadeo social puede aportar elementos en cuanto a incorporar el proceso de planeación, ejecución y evaluación respecto del tipo de producto, el público y el contenido de los mensajes.

Abstract Objective: this article analyses two campaigns designed to prevent adolescent pregnancy. The authors aim to clarify the implementation of elements coming from other disciplines such as marketing, and the possible effects in the campaigns' results, in light of "the social marketing wheel" model. Methodology: reports of qualitative and quantitative studies on the campaigns "Sexo a lo Bien" and "Parents Speak Up!" were studied. Those campaigns were originally implemented in different contexts: one in Colombia and one in the United States. The analysis was carried out by tracking implicit marketing elements in both campaigns, from existing records about them. Results: a lack of coherence between the problems' definition, the chosen strategy and its execution was evident and affected the expected outcomes in one of the campaigns. The "Parents Speak Up!" campaign achieved important results, because it had a strong theoretical basis, articulated with a well-defined execution for different target focused audiences. The "Sexo a lo Bien" campaign had less effective results. It was too ambitious; it lacked coherence between the aimed problem, an unclear definition of target audience and the content of the messages. Conclusions: Social marketing can offer valuable elements for and educational campaign on adolescent pregnancy to achieve effective results, such as planning, execution and evaluation of the type of product, the target audience and the content of the message.

Resumo Objetivo: este artigo analisa duas campanhas encaminhadas a prevenir a gravidez na adolescência, visando esclarecer a incorporação de elementos originários de disciplinas como o marketing, e seus possíveis efeitos nos resultados das campanhas, utilizando o modelo de "a roda de marketing social". Metodologia: revisaram-se relatórios de estudos qualitativos e quantitativos sobre as campanhas "Sexo a lo Bien" e "Parents Speak Up!", realizadas em dois contextos sociais diferentes: uma foi feita na Colômbia e a outra nos Estados Unidos. A análise foi mediante rastreio de elementos de marketing implícitos nas duas campanhas, com arquivos identificados sobre elas. Resultados: a falta de coerência entre a definição do problema, a estratégia utilizada e a sua execução foi evidente, afetando os resultados esperados em uma das campanhas. A campanha "Parents Speak Up!" obteve resultados importantes, porque teve uma forte base teórica, articulada com uma execução bem definida para diferentes públicos focalizados. A campanha "Sexo a lo Bien" teve resultados menos efetivos por ser uma proposta muito ambiciosa, e por falta de coerência entre a concepção do problema objetivo, uma definição difusa de públicos de interesse e o conteúdo das mensagens. Conclusões: para conseguir resultados efetivos nas campanhas educativas sobre a prevenção da gravidez na adolescência o marketing social pode fornecer elementos relacionado com o processo de planejamento, execução e avaliação do tipo de produto, do público alvo e do conteúdo das mensagens.

Graphic gambling warnings: how they affect emotions, cognitive responses and attitude change.

The present study focuses on the effects of graphic warnings related to excessive gambling. It is based upon a theoretical model derived from both the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM). We focus on video lottery terminal (VLT), one of the most hazardous format in the gaming industry. Our cohort consisted of 103 actual gamblers who reported previous gambling activity on VLT's on a regular basis. We assess the effectiveness of graphic warnings vs. text-only warnings and the effectiveness of two major arguments (i.e., family vs. financial disruption). A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to test the direct and combined effects of two variables (i.e., warning content and presence vs. absence of a graphic). It was found that the presence of a graphic enhances both cognitive appraisal and fear, and has positive effects on the Depth of Information Processing. In addition, graphic content combined with family disruptions is more effective for changing attitudes and complying with the warning than other combinations of the manipulated variables. It is proposed that ELM and PMT complement each other to explain the effects of warnings. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Using fear appeals in warning labels to promote responsible gambling among VLT players: the key role of depth of information processing.

Video lottery terminals (VLT) are a highly lucrative gambling format, but at the same time they are among the most hazardous. Previous research has shown that threatening warnings may be an appropriate approach for promoting protective behavior. The present study explores the potential benefits of threatening warnings in the fight against compulsive gambling. A 4 × 2 factorial design experiment was used to test our model based on both Elaboration Likelihood Model and Protection Motivation Theory. 258 VLT adult players (58% males, 42% females) with various degrees of problem gambling were exposed to three threat levels (plus a control condition) from two different sources (i.e., either a medical source or a source related to the provider of VLT's). Our results show that both higher threat warnings and the medical source of warnings enhance Depth of Information Processing. It was also found that Depth of Information Processing affects positively attitude change and compliance intentions. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.