Effects of health care decentralization in Spain from a citizens' perspective.

The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of the decentralization of the public national health system in Spain on citizens' satisfaction with different dimensions of primary and hospital care. Using micro-data from the Health Barometer 1996-2009 and taking advantage of the exogeneity of the different pace of decentralization across Spain using a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that, in general, decentralization has not improved citizens' satisfaction with different features of the health services. In our base model, we find that there are even some small negative effects on a subset of variables. Sensitivity analysis confirms that there is no empirical evidence for supporting that decentralization has had a positive impact on citizens' satisfaction with health care. We outline several possible reasons for this.

Utilización de los servicios públicos de salud por parte de la población inmigrante latinoamericana en España

Objetivo. Identificar los patrones de utilización de los servicios públicos de salud en España por parte de la población inmigrante latinoamericana en comparación con la población local. Material y métodos. Se usó la información procedente de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2006 sobre la frecuencia de visitas a médicos de familia, médicos especialistas, servicios de urgencia y hospitalizaciones. La explotación se basa en el análisis descriptivo (contrastes de igualdad de medianas, proporciones y distribuciones) y el análisis multivariante (modelos binomiales negativos y probit). Resultados. El patrón de utilización de los servicios de salud por parte de los inmigrantes latinoamericanos resulta distinto del de la población local, salvo en el caso de las hospitalizaciones. Los resultados del análisis multivariante indican que sólo se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el caso de hospitalizaciones (probabilidad de hospitalización 2.8 por ciento superior para latinoamericanos en último año) y de urgencias (0.205 visitas más que los españoles en el último año). Conclusiones. No se aprecian diferencias importantes entre el patrón de utilización de los servicios de salud de inmigrantes latinoamericanos y población nacional, con la excepción de una mayor utilización de los servicios de urgencias por los primeros.

Objective. To identify patterns of public health care utilization by Latin American immigrants in Spain as compared to the local population. Material and Methods. This analysis is based on information provided by the 2006 National Health Survey on the frequency of visits to general practitioners, specialists and emergency rooms, as well as hospital stays. The study uses a descriptive analysis involving tests of equality of distributions, medians and proportions, and a multivariate analysis with binomial negative and probit models. Results. The distribution of Latin American immigrants show lower utilization rates of public health care services than the native-born population, with the exception of hospital stays. The pattern of health care use by Latin Americans and Spaniards is different, with the exception of hospital stays. The results of the multivariate analysis indicate statistically significant differences only in the case of hospital stays (the probability of staying in a hospital in the last year is 2.8 percent higher for Latin American immigrants than among locals) and utilization of emergency rooms (0.205 more visits than the Spanish-born population). Conclusions. There is no significant difference in utilization of public health care between Latin American immigrants and native-born populations in Spain, with the exception of a higher frequency of use of emergency rooms by the former.

[Use of public health services by Latin American immigrants in Spain]. / Utilización de los servicios públicos de salud por parte de la población inmigrante latinoamericana en España.

OBJECTIVE: To identify patterns of public health care utilization by Latin American immigrants in Spain as compared to the local population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This analysis is based on information provided by the 2006 National Health Survey on the frequency of visits to general practitioners, specialists and emergency rooms, as well as hospital stays. The study uses a descriptive analysis involving tests of equality of distributions, medians and proportions, and a multivariate analysis with binomial negative and probit models. RESULTS: The distribution of Latin American immigrants show lower utilization rates of public health care services than the native-born population, with the exception of hospital stays. The pattern of health care use by Latin Americans and Spaniards is different, with the exception of hospital stays. The results of the multivariate analysis indicate statistically significant differences only in the case of hospital stays (the probability of staying in a hospital in the last year is 2.8% higher for Latin American immigrants than among locals) and utilization of emergency rooms (0.205 more visits than the Spanish-born population). CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference in utilization of public health care between Latin American immigrants and native-born populations in Spain, with the exception of a higher frequency of use of emergency rooms by the former.

Health care utilisation and immigration in Spain.

The aim of this work was to analyse the use of health care services by immigrants in Spain. Using a nationally representative health survey from 2006-2007 and negative binomial and hurdle models, it was found that there is no statistically significant difference in the patterns of visits to general practitioners and hospital stays between migrants and natives in Spain. However, immigrants have a lower access to specialists and visit emergency rooms with a higher frequency than nationals.