Neurotoxicity, antipsychotic and antidepressant screening of the fruit of Rosa moschata in mice.

Extract of Rosa moschata (RM) fruits was evaluated for the anti-schizophrenic and antidepressant activities. We first determined the neurotoxic effect of hydro-methanolic extract of RM using inverted-screen test. Further, the extract was tested in the ketamine-induced schizophrenia model and its antidepressant effect was assessed by tail suspension and forced swim test in mice. Different doses of extract were administered once/day to the animals for 14 consecutive days. Behavioral parameters were investigated 24h after last administration of drug/extract by performing Y-maze test, forced swim test and open field test. Results showed that TD50 of the extract was ~1000mg/Kg. Moreover, extract significantly increased % alternations in YMT, reduced immobility time in FST and enhanced locomotion in OFT compared to saline group. Similarly, RM extract decreased time of immobility in FST and TST significantly showed antidepressant effect. Thus, it was concluded that extract of RM has antipsychotic and antidepressant properties.

Secondary Metabolites from Deep-Sea Derived Microorganisms.

Microorganisms obtained from the deep sea are a rich source of marine natural products with distinctive chemical structures and bioactivities. In this review, we will provide a retrospective of outstanding research within the scope of deep-sea (≥1000 m) microbial natural products, which has produced up to 442 compounds by the end of 2017. Approximetely, 60% of these structures have demonstrated various biological activities with more than 30% showing cytotoxic function. In this review, we particularly summarize those successful research on secondary metabolites produced by deep-sea derived microorganisms with inclusion of structural characteristics, biological activities, together with biogenetic origins and taxonomic features of the source microorganisms, from which, we expect to provide more comprehensive understanding of small molecules obtained from deep-sea environment and benefit the ongoing scholarly endeavors in the search for novel pharmaceutical agents from the deep-sea derived microorganisms.

New Glutamine-Containing Azaphilone Alkaloids from Deep-Sea-Derived Fungus Chaetomium globosum HDN151398.

Three new azaphilone alkaloids containing glutamine residues, namely N-glutarylchaetoviridins A-C (1-3), together with two related compounds (4 and 5) were isolated from the extract of Chaetomium globosum HDN151398, a fungus isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected in South China Sea. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR as well as HRESIMS spectroscopic data and chemical analysis. N-glutarylchaetoviridins A-C (1-3) represent the first class of chaetoviridins characterized by embedded glutamate residues. Amino acids incubation experiments produced five azaphilone laden different amino acids residues (6-10) which indicated that this method can enhanced the structural diversity of this strain by culturing with amino acids. Cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds were evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell lines.