RESUMO
Heart rate responses of 84 near-term fetuses to recorded female voices were examined in 166 trials of auditory stimulation. Each fetus was presented with a 2-min recording of their mother's voice and a 2-min recording of a female stranger's voice, in counterbalanced order, with a 10-min rest period between trials. High frequency heart rate variability during a 2-min baseline period was used to estimate cardiac vagal tone for each trial. Differential heart rate responses to familiar and unfamiliar voice recordings were observed during a 2-min poststimulus period, only when estimated cardiac vagal tone was high. This finding suggests that vagal tone plays a moderating role in the cardiac responses of term fetuses to familiar and unfamiliar stimuli.
Assuntos
Estimulação Acústica/métodos , Frequência Cardíaca Fetal/fisiologia , Coração/fisiologia , Mães/psicologia , Nervo Vago/fisiologia , Voz/fisiologia , Adulto , Atenção/fisiologia , Cardiotocografia/métodos , Feminino , Movimento Fetal , Coração/inervação , Humanos , Masculino , Relações Mãe-Filho , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Gravidez , Reconhecimento Psicológico/fisiologia , Percepção da Fala/fisiologia , Gravação em Fita , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The authors measured the eye gaze displays of Canadian, Trinidadian, and Japanese participants as they answered questions for which they either knew, or had to derive, the answers. When they knew the answers, Trinidadians maintained the most eye contact, whereas Japanese maintained the least. When thinking about the answers to questions, Canadians and Trinidadians looked up, whereas Japanese looked down. Thus, for humans, gaze displays while thinking are at least in part culturally determined.
