[Potentialities of lymphography using chromethiotrast, a new x-ray contrast medium]. / Vozmozhnosti limfografii pri ispol'zovanii novogo rentgenokontrastnogo sredstva khrométiotrast.

A study was made of the potentialities of lymphography using a new radiopaque medium chromethiotrast (a solution of harmless fat-soluble anthraquinone dyes fixed with ethiotrast). The agent is intended for combined x-ray and visual investigation of the lymphatic system. Lymphograms of 76 patients (with Hodgkin's disease, prostatic cancer, cancer of the female organs, breast, bladder, rectal cancer, and secondary limb lymphedema) were analyzed. Chromethiotrast is easily administered in the lymphatic bed ensuring a good contrast density of the lymphatic vessels permitting the detection of their structure. Chromethiotrast is quickly discharged from the lymphatic system, causing no marked side-effects provided all precautions necessary for the administration of iodobutyric radiopaque media, are taken.

[Ultrasonic diagnosis of radiation injuries of the urinary system]. / Ul'trazvukovaia diagnostika luchevykh povrezhdenii mochevyvodiashchei sistemy.

The paper is concerned with the results of ultrasound investigation of the kidneys and bladder in 78 patients with radiation injuries of pelvic tissues and organs. Comparison of the results of USI, isotope renography and excretory urography has shown that with an increase in the gravity of injury of the urinary system, the frequency of ultrasound findings rises from 60.8% in renal dysfunction of a mean gravity up to 91.2% in severe disorders. Echography data on the presence of hydronephrosis, pyelocaliectasis, a granular kidney, pyelonephritis, and nephroptosis usually coincided with the results of excretory urography in these patients. A combined use of echography and renography permits obtaining in most cases necessary data on structural and functional disorders of the urinary tracts. Echographic semiotics of radiation cystitis was studied in detail versus cystoscopy data. The informative value of ultrasound scanning of the bladder was observed in patients with radiation cystitis.

[Intralymphatic administration of open radionuclides in complex treatment of rheumatoid arthritis]. / Endolimfaticheskoe vvedenie otkrytykh radionuklidov v kompleksnom lechenii revmatoidnogo artrita.

A new method was developed for the treatment of patients with rheumatic arthritis using therapeutic effect of radioactive colloid aurum in the lower limb lymphatic vessels. Altogether 50 patients with various degrees of activity and stages of disease were treated. A positive therapeutic effect was observed in 84%. The method of endolymphatic radiotherapy with radioactive colloid aurum made it possible to give up cytostatic and glucocorticoid therapy and to reduce a dosage of nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs.

[Ultrasonic examination in secondary lymphedema of the lower extremities]. / Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie pri vtorichnoi limfedeme nizhnikh konechnostei.

The article deals with the results of ultrasonic examination (USE) of 39 patients with secondary edema of the lower extremities. The authors developed a USE method which yields objective data characterizing changes of the structure, thickness, boundaries, and firmness of the soft tissues in lymphedema of the lower extremities of various severity. It was established that lymphostasis produced a characteristic ultrasonic pattern, which, as claimed by the author, may be used in differential diagnosis of lymphatic and venous edema of the extremities.

[Ultrasonic examination and lymphography in the diagnosis of metastases of rectal cancer]. / Ul'trazvukovoe issledovanie i limfografiia v diagnostike metastazov raka priamoi kishki.

The diagnostic effectiveness of ultrasound and lymphographic investigations was assessed in 89 rectal cancer patients. Lymphography was shown to be a more informative method as it permitted the detection of metastases in 6 patients in whom USI results were negative, metastatic involvement in 2 patients, specifying the type of pathological changes of the enlarged lymph nodes in 14 patients. In a normal lymphographic picture metastatic involvement was detected in 37 cases using echography. More extended metastatic spreading was found on USI (as compared to lymphography) in one patient. The combined use of echography and lymphography improved the diagnosis of rectal cancer lymphogenous metastases.

[Fibronectin from the lymph of healthy persons]. / Fibronektin limfy zdorovykh liudei.

Content of fibronectin was studied in lymph and blood plasma of 24 healthy 23-57 years old men. Concentration of fibronectin in lymph and blood plasma was 44.2 +/- 21.7 mg/ml and 354 +/- 88 mg/ml, respectively. Interrelations were not found between content of fibronectin in lymph and blood plasma as well as between the total content of protein and fibronectin in lymph. Fibronectin in lymph was shown to occur in its intact form using immunoblotting procedure involving monoclonal antibodies to fibronectin. Simultaneously with whole molecules of fibronectin its fragments appear to be present in lymph.

[Comparative analysis of various indicators of venous blood and peripheral lymph in healthy subjects]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz nekotorykh pokazatelei venoznoi krovi i perifericheskoi limfy zdorovykh liudei.

Over four hundred industrial workers underwent immunological examination for quantitative and functional evaluation of the main blood lymphocyte and neutrophil subpopulations and reactions of sensitization to industrial allergens at the cellular and subcellular levels. Concurrent quantitative and functional T- and B-lymphocyte deficiency was revealed in 17.5 per cent workers; the majority of subjects were found to have changes in specific indices (30 per cent) or heterogeneous changes (11.5 per cent). The incidence and magnitude of the secondary immunodeficiency signs are shown to be dependent on the main unfavourable factors of the industrial environment which are also related to the sensitization to the industrial allergens, developing primarily in T- and B-lymphocyte deficient subjects (40 per cent of the 69 per cent sensitized). A principle of group formation is proposed for the dynamic follow-up of the outcome of the revealed signs of secondary immunodeficiency and their effect on the workers' health. A methodology is established for revealing secondary immunodeficiency state and sensitization during mass immunological examinations of industrial workers.

[Ultrasound tomography of soft tissues and venous vessels in secondary edema of the upper limbs]. / Ul'trazvukovaia tomografia miagkikh tkanei i venoznykh sosudov pri vtorichnykh otekakh verkhnikh konechnostei.

The paper is concerned with ultrasound investigation that permits obtaining objective data on changes in the thickness, structure, borders and density of soft tissues in upper limb lymphedema. Moderate thickening of the skin and subcutaneous fat with slight thickening of the latter was noted in patients with mild edema. The thickness of the group of muscles at the shoulder level was decreased in each 3rd patient. Thickening of the skin and subcutaneous fat more than 1.5-fold was noted in edema of average severity. In severe edema the skin and subcutaneous tissue got thicker 2-2.5 times and acquired a dense regular spotty pattern. Echogeneity of the skin was reduced, and it often became merged with the subcutaneous fat. Cavities filled in with edematous fluid were found in the zone of maximum edema. Ultrasound phlebography made it possible to determine the state of major veins in upper limb edema and to abandon roentgenocontrast investigation of veins in a majority of cases.

[Multicollector lymphography and phlebography in lower limb edema following radiation and combination therapy]. / Mnogokollektornaia limfografiia i flebografiia pri otekakh nizhnikh konechnostei posle luchevogo i kombinirovannogo lecheniia.

A multimodality x-ray study of the lymphatic and venous vessels was performed in 50 patients with secondary edema of the lower limbs. A complete block of the limb superficial lymphatic collectors was observed in 44% of the patients, a partial block in 26%. In 80% of the cases the level of partial or complete occlusion of the lymphatic vessels was noted in the ilioinguinal region and in 20% on the femur and leg. Distrubed permeability of the deep vessels of the femur and ilioinguinal region in the form of a complete or partial block was noted in 46% of the cases. In disturbed peripheral lymphodynamics different compensatory adaptation mechanisms like the functioning of the collateral tracts, lymphovenous anastomoses, the overflow of a radiographic contrast agent from the superficial vessels into the deep ones were observed in 60% of the patients. Indications for multicollector lymphography were defined. In secondary edema of the lower limbs, combined injuries of the lymphatic and venous systems were marked in 62%, an isolated disorder of the outflow of the peripheral lymph through the collector vessels was marked in 38%.

[Lymphophlebographic studies in arm edema]. / Limfo-flebograficheskie issledovaniia pri oteke verkhnei konechnosti.

Using the results of single and bicollector lymphography noticeable pathological vascular changes of the posterolateral and anteromedial collectors with the prevalence of a complete blocks of the lymph flow were found in 64 patients with the postmastectomy syndrome. The vessels were blocked on the shoulder level in 65%, in the irradiation zone in 22% and on the forearm in 13% of cases. The lymph outflow in secondary edema of the upper limb was compensated for at the expense of the 2nd order vessels (45%), collateral detours (18.4%), junctions between the superficial collectors (30.6%), between the superficial and deep vessels (12.2%) as well as lymphovenous anastomoses (6.1%). In 55% of the patients with the postmastectomy syndrome, edema of the upper limb is caused by combined injuries of the lymphatic and venous outflow, and in 45% by disturbed permeability of the lymphatic collectors only.