Anomalous DC Hall response in noncentrosymmetric tilted Weyl semimetals.

Weyl nodes come in pairs of opposite chirality. For broken time reversal symmetry (TR) they are displaced in momentum space by [Formula: see text] and the anomalous DC Hall conductivity [Formula: see text] is proportional to [Formula: see text] at charge neutrality. For finite doping there are additive corrections to [Formula: see text] which depend on the chemical potential as well as on the tilt ([Formula: see text]) of the Dirac cones and on their relative orientation. If inversion symmetry (I) is also broken the Weyl nodes are shifted in energy by an amount [Formula: see text]. This introduces further changes in [Formula: see text] and we provide simple analytic formulas for these modifications for both type I ([Formula: see text]) and type II ([Formula: see text], overtilted) Weyl. For type I when the Weyl nodes have equal magnitude but oppositely directed tilts, the correction to [Formula: see text] is proportional to the chemical potential µ and completely independent of the energy shift [Formula: see text]. When instead the tilts are parallel, the correction is linear in [Formula: see text] and µ drops out. For type II the corrections involve both µ and [Formula: see text], are nonlinear and also involve a momentum cut off. We discuss the implied changes to the Nernst coefficient and to the thermal Hall effect of a finite [Formula: see text].

Optical response in Weyl semimetal in model with gapped Dirac phase.

We study the optical properties of Weyl semimetal (WSM) in a model which features, in addition to the usual term describing isolated Dirac cones proportional to the Fermi velocity v F, a gap term m and a Zeeman spin-splitting term b with broken time reversal symmetry. Transport is treated within Kubo formalism and particular attention is payed to the modifications that result from a finite m and b. We consider how these modifications change when a finite residual scattering rate [Formula: see text] is included. For [Formula: see text] the A.C. conductivity as a function of photon energy [Formula: see text] continues to display the two quasilinear energy regions of the clean limit for [Formula: see text] below the onset of the second electronic band which is gapped at ([Formula: see text]). For [Formula: see text] of the order m little trace of two distinct linear energy scales remain and the optical response has evolved towards that for [Formula: see text]. Although some quantitative differences remain there are no qualitative differences. The magnitude of the D.C. conductivity [Formula: see text] at zero temperature ([Formula: see text]) and chemical potential ([Formula: see text]) is altered. While it remains proportional to [Formula: see text] it becomes inversely dependent on an effective Fermi velocity out of the Weyl nodes equal to [Formula: see text] which decreases strongly as the phase boundary between Weyl semimetal and gapped Dirac phase (GDSM) is approached at [Formula: see text]. The leading term in the approach to [Formula: see text] for finite [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is found to be quadratic. The coefficient of these corrections tracks closely the [Formula: see text] dependence of the [Formula: see text] limit with differences largest near to the WSM-GDSM boundary.

Psychiatric morbidity of a rural Indian community. Changes over a 20-year interval.

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies give no indication of the changes that may occur in the mental health status of a community in course of times. Studies should be designed to assess these changes. AIMS: To assess the changes, if any, in the prevalence of mental disorders in a rural community after an interval of 20 years in the context of its changing socio-economic conditions. METHOD: A door-to-door survey of the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in two villages was conducted by a team of psychiatrists. The survey was repeated after 20 years by the same team and by the same method. Changes in the mental health status of the community were compared. RESULTS: Total morbidity per 1000 fell from 116.8 to 105.2. Morbidity in men fell from 86.9 to 73.5 per 1000 and in women from 146.8 to 138.3 per 1000. Rates of anxiety, hysteria and phobia had fallen dramatically and those of depression and mania had risen significantly. CONCLUSION: The level of psychiatric morbidity showed no statistically significant change. The morbidity pattern (relative proportion of type of morbidity), however, showed some interesting changes. Similar studies should be done on a larger sample.

A study of psychiatric morbidity of the elderly population of a rural community in west bengal.

A door to door field-survey was conducted in two villages by a team of psychiatrists with the aim of assessing the mental morbidity of the population. The present communication is restricted to the mental morbidity of the elderly population aged 60 years and above. The total sample comprised 183 persons (male 85, female 98). Majority of the families (44.2%) belonged to class IV according to Pareek and Trivedi's scale. Sixty one percent of the elderly population was mentally ill. Women had a higher rate of morbidity than men (77.6% and 42.4% repetitively). The overwhelming majority of the affected persons were depressives. Rate of dementia was low.

A study of psychiatric morbidity of a rural community at an interval of ten years.

A field survey of psychiatric morbidity was conducted in a village by a door to door survey. The survey was repeated after 10 years by the same team and by the same method. The aim was to compare the rates of mental morbidity of the community at the interval of a decade and to trace out during the second survey all the persons - both ill and well - found in the first survey and to assess their mental health status.Though the total morbidity did not change from 1972 to 1982 there was a definite rise in the rates of morbidity of Hysteria and Anxiety showed a slight fall in 1982. The health population of 1972 traced and assessed in 1982 showed a lower rate of morbidity than the total population of 1982. The rate of recovery of the morbid stock assessed after ten years was about 29 % and as many as 14.8% of the morbid people died during this period. This death rate is much higher than that of healthy population assessed after ten years (h.9%). 47.8% of the cases detected in the first survey were found to be ill during the second survey richer with the same diagnosis or with a new diagnosis.

Psychiatric morbidity in an urbanized tribal (santal) community - a field survey.

Psychiatric morbidity was studied in an urbanized tribal (Santal) community comprising 205 families in the district of Nadia, West Bengal by the method of door to door survey of each family by a team of psychiatrists. Total morbidity was 519 1000. Depression was the commonest type of illness. Neurotic illness, epilepsy and mental retaliation had a very low rate of prevalence. Married individuals were more attached than the unmarried ones. Males had a slightly higher rate of mental morbidity. The population showed a general tendency of greater vulnerability to mental illness with advancing age. Results are discussed in the perspective of relevant studies.

Psychiatric morbidity in an urban slum-dwelling community.

The present study concerns the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in a slum area in Calcutta and its relation to certain demographic and social variables. The survey was carried out by a team of psychiatrists by a door-to-door enquiry. Significant relationship of mental morbidity were found with age, sex, caste, socioeconomic status and family size.

Prognosis of depression.

Relationship of different symptoms, personal history, some measures of Rorschach, neuroticism, ego strength score with prognosis of depression was studied. Out of 60 items studied in 60 cases, eleven were found to have statistically significant association with improvement. Multiple regression of percentage of improvement on 23 items (12 from personal and family history and 13 measurable items of Rorschach) was determined. To check the ability of this multiple regression to expl. in differences in responsiveness, predicted values were obtained for 24- cases (not included in the previous regression analysis). In most cases considerable differences was found in observed and predicted values. Then a regression coefficient using only 12 items (other than 13 Rorschach items) was determined similarly. Using this regression equation, predicted Values for percentage of improvement was obtained for the same 24 cases. There was insignificant association between observed and predicted Values. Thereafter only five measurable characteristics strongly related with percentage of improvement were taken and multiple regression on these items was determined and checked similarly on the same 24- cases. This also showed insignificant association between observed and predicted Values. Linear regression is unable to explain the difference in prognosis of population very similar to one on which it was developed. Inclusion of more history and social interaction factors might lead to more fruitful results.

Similar activities of nerve growth factor and its homologue proinsulin in intracellular hydrogen peroxide production and metabolism in adipocytes. Transmembrane signalling relative to insulin-mimicking cellular effects.

Generation of hydrogen peroxide in adipocyte plasma membrane and its intracellular metabolism and regulatory role have been shown by Mukherjee and co-workers to be a major effector system for insulin [Fedn Proc. 35, 1694 (1976); Archs Biochem. Biophys. 184, 69 (1977); Biochem. Pharmac. 27, 2589 (1978); Fedn Proc. 37, 1689 (1978); and Biochem. Pharmac. 29, 1239 (1980)]. The possible involvement of this mechanism in the action of structurally similar polypeptides having some insulin-like metabolic effects was investigated. The beta-subunit of nerve growth factor (2.5 S NGF, mol. wt 13,500) which has a striking structural homology with proinsulin and has been reported to exert certain insulin-like metabolic effects in its own target tissues (e.g. growing neurites and sympathetic ganglia), and the insulin-derived polypeptides, desalanine-insulin and desoctapeptide-insulin, as well as proinsulin, were examined for their effects on rat adipocytes, employing the technique of formate oxidation. Both NGF and proinsulin caused increased [14C]formate oxidation, showing similar intrinsic activities, up to a maximum of 140-160% of the basal rate; insulin increased the rate to 190-210% of the basal rate. The relative potencies of the hormones toward H2O2 formation and stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway activity were: insulin (EC50: 2.5 x 10(-11) M), desalanine-insulin (EC50: 2.5 x 10(-10) M), proinsulin (EC50: 8 x 10(-9) M), and NGF (EC50: 10(-9) M). The biologically inactive derivative, desoctapeptide-insulin, did not stimulate glucose oxidation, although it caused a small increase in formate oxidation, with an EC50 of 5 x 10(-7) M, indicating a suboptimal level of H2O2 formation in the elevation of the hexose monophosphate shunt activity. 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole (50 mM), which irreversibly decomposes the peroxidatic compound II of the catalase: H2O2 complex, inhibited formate oxidation to a greater extent in the hormone-treated cells than in the control cells, whereas sodium azide, an inhibitor of the hemoprotein, catalase, completely inhibited it. The abilities of the polypeptides to stimulate H2O2 formation correlated with their abilities to promote lipogenesis from [U-14C]-D-glucose, as expected of insulin. The cellular GSH/GSSG ratio increased concomitantly with the stimulation of glucose oxidation via the shunt, indicating a tight coupling between these processes. The results confirm that the hydrogen peroxide production is a common basis of the metabolic actions of growth-promoting polypeptide hormones or mitogens beyond their respective receptors.

Gradient-index AR film deposited by the sol-gel process.

Gradient-index alkali borosilicate antireflection films for use in laser systems were deposited by the sol-gel process. Laser damage thresholds of these films, measured with 1.06-microm 1-nsec pulses, were four times greater than thresholds of widely used, multilayer, antireflection coatings.

Life events and depression.

The life events occurring in a 6 month period preceding onset of illness in 50 OPD primary depressives were inquired into by a Life Events Inventory and compared with those in a corresponding time period of 50 matched controls. The relation between life events and the depth of depression at initial interview was also studied. The results are analysed and the probable pitfalls discussed.