Rare case of bladder chondroma causing lower urinary tract symptoms.

An extraosseous or soft tissue chondroma is a rare, benign cartilaginous tumour characterised by the formation of mature hyaline cartilage. The majority of osseous chondromas are located within the medullary cavity of long bones. Soft tissue chondromas are extremely rare with only five cases affecting the bladder being reported in the literature. Soft tissue chondroma of the bladder is a rare cause of lower urinary tract symptoms and abdominopelvic pain. All reported cases of soft tissue chondromas of the bladder have occurred in women in their fifth to seventh decades of life. We describe the case of a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with a soft tissue chondroma of her bladder while being investigated for lower urinary tract symptoms.

The Role of Tandem Double-J Ureteral Stents in the Management of Malignant Ureteral Obstruction.

AIM: The management of malignant ureteral obstruction (MUO) is a challenging but common problem for urologists. The different techniques currently used to address this complicated issue include percutaneous nephrostomy, extra-anatomical stents, retrograde (single) stent insertion, and metallic stents. In those situations where single ureteral stent insertion has failed, retrograde tandem or twin ureteral stent (TUS) insertion can be completed. The aim of this study was to report our clinical experience and also assess the efficacy of TUS insertion within our tertiary referral center. METHODS: Data were prospectively collected from patients requiring TUSs over an 8-year period between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2014. A number of variables, including the improvement in renal function following TUS insertion, were recorded. RESULTS: Twenty-two TUS insertion procedures were performed on 15 patients between the period of January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2014. The mean patient age was 68.0 years (39-85 years). There were 15 primary insertions as well as 7 subsequent stent changes. The average prenephrostomy creatinine was 428 µmol/L; an average improvement of 196 µmol/L was observed after percutaneous drainage. Serum creatinine after TUS remained stable on discharge, 214 µmol/L vs 227 µmol/L preoperatively, p = 0.34. Eleven patients died at a median 131 days post-TUS insertion. TUS failure occurred in three patients; this was characterized by rising creatinine and worsening hydronephrosis. Patients with failing TUS had a median life expectancy of 45.6 days compared with 162.5 days for those with functioning TUS (p < 0.05). Overall, the patency rate at 3 months was 80%. CONCLUSION: TUS insertion is a technically efficient and effective procedure in the management of MUO, with the majority of patients treated dying of the underlying condition with functioning stents in situ.

The story of the condom.

Condoms have been a subject of curiosity throughout history. The idea of safer sex has been explored in ancient and modern history, and has been used to prevent venereal diseases. We conducted a historical and medical review of condoms using primary and secondary sources as well as using the RSM library and the internet. These resources show that the first use of a condom was that of King Minos of Crete. Pasiphae, his wife, employed a goat's bladder in the vagina so that King Minos would not be able to harm her as his semen was said to contain "scorpions and serpents" that killed his mistresses. To Egyptians, condom-like glans caps were dyed in different colours to distinguish between different classes of people and to protect themselves against bilharzia. The Ancient Romans used the bladders of animals to protect the woman; they were worn not to prevent pregnancy but to prevent contraction of venereal diseases. Charles Goodyear, the inventor, utilized vulcanization, the process of transforming rubber into malleable structures, to produce latex condoms. The greater use of condoms all over the world in the 20(th) and 21(st) centuries has been related to HIV. This account of the use of condoms demonstrates how a primitive idea turned into an object that is used globally with a forecast estimated at 18 billion condoms to be used in 2015 alone.

Fournier's gangrene associated with intradermal injection of cocaine.

INTRODUCTION: Cocaine abuse is associated with a number of medical complications, most notably arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, and cerebral hemorrhages. The injection of cocaine in the penis has been predominantly recorded into the corpus cavernosae and is associated with priapism. AIM: Here we describe the injection of subcutaneous cocaine within the penile shaft skin producing ischemic necrosis and Fournier's gangrene. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We sought to highlight the effects of cocaine use within the penis and emphasize the different effects that may ensue. METHODS: We reviewed a recent clinical case and conducted a literature review on the use of cocaine within the penis. RESULTS: The use of cocaine has been reported previously within the literature and is mainly limited to case reports. Cocaine use within the corpora and the subcutaneous tissues produces significantly different consequences ranging from priapism to Fournier's gangrene. CONCLUSIONS: The case illustrates the growing use of cocaine and other illicit drugs and emphasizes the importance of this issue to all clinicians.

The management of cyclophosphamide-induced haematuria.

Haemorrhagic cystitis is a frequent complication of treatment with cyclophosphamide. It remains a difficult clinical problem to treat, compounded by the frailty of patient. Furthermore, the preventative measures and treatments available for CP-induced haematuria have their own benefits and disadvantages.