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1.
Int Ophthalmol ; 42(5): 1437-1445, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34859311

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is suspected to affect the retina and choroid. We investigated changes in the retina and choroid of patients with PD using optical coherence tomography. METHODS: We examined 14 patients with PD and 22 patients without PD. Patients without PD had no ophthalmic disease other than cataracts. In addition, it was also confirmed that there was no neurodegenerative disease. The retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer, and choroidal thickness were compared between both groups. Additionally, the choroidal image was divided into the choroid area, luminal area, and interstitial area using the binarization method, and the area of each region and the percentage of luminal area in the choroid area were analyzed. RESULTS: Patients with PD had a significantly thinner ganglion cell layer + inner plexiform layer compared to those without PD. The choroid area, luminal area, and interstitial area were significantly decreased in patients with PD compared to those without PD. Seven patients with PD who were successfully followed up showed decreased retinal nerve fiber layer and interstitial area after 3 years. CONCLUSION: Autonomic nervous disorders and neurodegeneration in PD can cause thinning of the retina and choroid, as well as a reduction in the choroid area.


Assuntos
Doença de Parkinson , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica , Corioide/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/patologia , Retina/diagnóstico por imagem , Retina/patologia , Tomografia de Coerência Óptica/métodos
2.
Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi ; 116(10): 929-36, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23285840

RESUMO

PURPOSE: School children with myopia were trained using a visual stimulation device that generated an isolated blur stimulus on a visual target, with a constant retinal image size and constant brightness. Uncorrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, axial length, dynamic accommodation and papillary reaction were measured to investigate the effectiveness of the training. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: There were 45 school children with myopia without any other ophthalmic diseases. The mean age of the children was 8.9 +/- 2.0 years (age range; 6-16)and the mean refraction was -1.56 +/- 0.58 D (mean +/- standard deviation). As a visual stimulus, a white ring on a black background with a constant ratio of visual target size to retinal image size, irrespective of the distance, was displayed on a liquid crystal display (LCD), and the LCD was quickly moved from a proximal to a distal position to produce an isolated blur stimulus. Training with this visual stimulus was carried out in the relaxation phase of accommodation. Uncorrected visual acuity, cycloplegic refraction, axial length, dynamic accommodation and pupillary reaction were investigated before training and every 3 months during the training. RESULTS: Of the 45 subjects, 42 (93%) could be trained for 3 consecutive months, 33 (73%) for 6 months, 23 (51%) for 9 months, and 21 (47%) for 12 months. The mean refraction decreased by 0.83 +/- 0.56 D (mean +/- standard deviation) and the mean axial length increased by 0.47 +/- 0.16 mm at 1 year, showing that the training bad some effect in improving the visual acuity. In the tests of the dynamic accommodative responses, the latency of the accommodative-phase decreased from 0.4 +/- 0.2 sec to 0.3 +/- 0.1 sec at 1 year, the gain of the accommodative-phase improved from 69.0 +/- 27.0% to 93.3 +/- 13.4%, the maximum speed of the accommodative-phase increased from 5.1 +/- 2.2 D/sec to 6.8 +/- 2.2 D/sec and the gain of the relaxation-phase significantly improved from 52.1 +/- 26.0% to 72.7 +/- 13.7% (corresponding t-test, p < 0.005). No significant changes were observed in the pupillary reaction. CONCLUSION: The training device was useful for improving the accommodative functions and accommodative excess, suggesting that it may be able to suppress the progression of low myopia, development of which is known to be strongly influenced by environmental factors.


Assuntos
Acomodação Ocular/fisiologia , Comprimento Axial do Olho/patologia , Miopia/fisiopatologia , Pupila/fisiologia , Refração Ocular/fisiologia , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Testes Visuais/instrumentação
3.
Am Orthopt J ; 59: 84-92, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21149193

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of exodeviation in spatial visual attention using the illusory line motion paradigm. METHODS: The perception of visual illusion (i.e., illusory line motion) in the dominant and nondominant eyes was examined in 12 control subjects (under 5(Δ)), 12 exophoria patients (over 10(Δ)), and 12 exotropia patients. This paradigm presents two cues followed by an instantaneously presented horizontal bar, which the subjects perceive as bars that emanate from the two priming cues. These bars appear to grow toward the center of the visual field and continue to move inward until they collide with each other. In these experiments, the priming cues were asynchronously and simultaneously presented. RESULTS: In the dominant eye, there was no correlation between the collision point shift and the ocular deviation, regardless of the stimulus patterns. However, a correlation was noted between the collision point shift and the ocular deviation in the nondominant eye when the second cue was presented in the nasal hemi-retina (P < 0.01). The shift of the collision point in exophoria and exotropia was greater than that seen in the control subjects (P < 0.01). When there was simultaneous presentation of the two cues in the nasal and temporal hemi-retina, there was a difference in the shift of the collision point in the exotropia patients, as compared to both the control subjects and exophoria patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Current findings strongly suggest that sensory adaptation in the nondominant eye compensates for visual stress with ocular deviation.

4.
Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi ; 112(4): 376-81, 2008 Apr.
Artigo em Japonês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18444417

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Application of adequate correction of refractory errors for the treatment of asthenopia of young visual display terminal (VDT) workers was evaluated from subjective complaints and the effect on accommodation dynamics (step response) before and after 6 months. METHODS: Young VDT workers who visited the clinic because of eye strain were consecutively selected. Fifteen workers who were under-corrected for myopia and three workers who were over-corrected for myopia were treated by "adequate correction of refractory errors" with spectacles or soft contact lenses. The adequate correction was defined as minimum convex lenses which could obtain visual acuity of 1.2 or better, similar to daily life conditions, without cyclopegia or fogging. The workers were in their 20's. Accommodative responses to step stimuli were recorded by infrared optometer, and questionnaires were filled out by the VDT workers concerning the severity (a severity rating in percent in five steps) of subjective symptoms (headache, dry eye, eye strain, and eye irritation). Spectacles or disposable contact lenses were prescribed for the workers for "adequate correction". Six months later, accommodative responses and subjective symptoms were evaluated and compared with under-or over-corrected conditions and adequate correction. RESULTS: In under-corrected workers, the adequate correction significantly improved complains i.e. headache, eye strain, eye tiredness (p < 0.005). Accommodative responses also improved in gain (%), maximum velocity (D/sec), and time of accommodation and relaxation (p < 0.05). Three over-corrected workers showed improvement of complains and also accommodative response in gain, maximum velocity, and time of accommodation and relaxation. CONCLUSIONS: Application of "adequate correction" to young VDT workers with asthenopia by using adequately corrected spectacles or soft contact lenses improved the asthenopia and accommodative dynamics.


Assuntos
Acomodação Ocular/fisiologia , Astenopia/fisiopatologia , Astenopia/terapia , Terminais de Computador , Erros de Refração/terapia , Adulto , Lentes de Contato , Óculos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
6.
J Cataract Refract Surg ; 31(8): 1588-92, 2005 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16129296

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To investigate the relationship between ocular dominance and binocular summation with monocular reading adds. SETTING: Department of Orthoptics and Visual Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. METHODS: Contrast sensitivities were measured by having subjects view contrast charts at spatial frequencies of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 18.0 cycles per degree after the addition of positive spherical lenses that ranged from +1.0 to +3.0 diopters (D). Through the use of a balance technique, the test group was quantitatively divided into 12 weak and 8 strong ocular dominance subjects on the basis of binocular rivalry. In study 1, binocular contrast sensitivity was measured in the weak and strong ocular dominances by adding a positive spherical lens in front of 1 eye, whereas the other eye was fixed at a corrected distance. RESULTS: In study 1, the binocular summation was observed only after adding positive spherical lenses in the nondominant eye. The differences in binocular contrast sensitivity that occurred after adding a positive spherical lens in the dominant eye versus that seen in the nondominant eye were statistically significant in the strong ocular dominance subjects who had +1.5 D and +2.0 D defocuses (P<.05; analysis of variance). CONCLUSIONS: Binocular summation was effectively maintained with reading adds in the nondominant eye and was significantly influenced by the magnitude of ocular dominance. Evaluating binocular summation after monocular reading adds seems to be a good method to evaluate adaptability to monovision.


Assuntos
Sensibilidades de Contraste/fisiologia , Dominância Ocular/fisiologia , Óculos , Leitura , Disparidade Visual/fisiologia , Visão Monocular , Adulto , Humanos , Visão Binocular
7.
Optom Vis Sci ; 81(5): 377-83, 2004 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15181364

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To investigate the relation between sighting and sensory eye dominance and attempt to quantitatively examine eye dominance using a balance technique based on binocular rivalry. METHODS: The durations of exclusive visibility of the dominant and nondominant eye target in binocular rivalry were measured in 14 subjects. The dominant eye was determined by using the hole-in-card test (sighting dominance). In study 1, contrast of the target in one eye was fixed at 100% and contrast of the target in the other eye was varied from 100% to 80% to 60% to 40% to 20%, when using rectangular gratings of 1, 2, and 4 cycles per degree (cpd) at 2 degrees, 4 degrees , and 8 degrees in size. In study 2, contrast of the target in the nondominant eye was fixed at 100% and contrast of the target in the dominant eye was varied from 100% to 80% to 60% to 40% to 20%, when using a rectangular grating of 2 cpd at 4 degrees in size. RESULTS: In study 1, the total duration of exclusive visibilities of the dominant eye target; that is, the target seen by the eye that had sighting dominance was longer compared with that of the nondominant eye target. When using rectangular gratings of 4 cpd, mean total duration of exclusive visibility of the dominant eye target was statistically longer than that of the nondominant eye target (p < 0.05). In study 2, reversals (in which duration of exclusive visibility of the nondominant eye becomes longer than the dominant eye when the contrast of the dominant eye target is decreased) were observed for all contrasts except for 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The dominant sighting eye identified by the hole-in-card test coincided with the dominant eye as determined by binocular rivalry. The contrast at which reversal occurs indicates the balance point of dominance and seems to be a useful quantitative indicator of eye dominance to clinical applications.


Assuntos
Dominância Ocular/fisiologia , Visão Binocular/fisiologia , Percepção Visual/fisiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
8.
J Cataract Refract Surg ; 30(4): 769-74, 2004 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15093637

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To elucidate the relationship between ocular dominance and patient satisfaction with monovision induced by intraocular lens implantation. SETTING: Eye Clinic, Kitasato University School of Medicine Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. METHODS: The durations of exclusive visibility of dominant- and nondominant-eye targets were measured in 16 patients with successful monovision and 4 patients with unsuccessful monovision to determine the characteristics of ocular dominance. The dominant eye was determined using the hole-in-card test (sighting dominance). The contrast of target in nondominant eye was fixed at 100%; the contrast of target in the dominant eye varied (ie, 100% to 80% to 60% to 40% to 20%) using rectangular gratings of 2 cycles per degree that were 4 degrees in size. RESULTS: In the successful monovision group, the reversal thresholds (ie, exclusive visibility of the nondominant eye crosses over that of the dominant eye) were displayed only at low decreasing contrast (80% and 60%). However, in the unsuccessful monovision group, the reversal thresholds were at high decreasing contrast (20%) or not at all. The reversal thresholds in patients with unsuccessful monovision were at a significantly lower contrast than in patients with successful monovision (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Success and patient satisfaction in monovision patients were significantly influenced by the magnitude of ocular dominance. The balance technique seems to be a good method to evaluate the quantity of ocular dominance and prospectively evaluate the monovision technique.


Assuntos
Dominância Ocular/fisiologia , Implante de Lente Intraocular , Satisfação do Paciente , Visão Monocular/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Facoemulsificação , Testes Visuais , Acuidade Visual
9.
Jpn J Ophthalmol ; 47(4): 338-46, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12842200

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To investigate the process of repair in the epithelial cells and the reconstruction in lens fibers of a mouse lens that has developed opacity because of a large-scale perforating injury. METHODS: Lenses of 4-week-old mice were perforated with a needle through the cornea to induce the development of traumatic cataracts. Over the period from the first day to the fifth month after injury, eyeballs were extracted progressively from the mice and changes in the epithelial cells of these lenses were observed morphologically as well as histochemically. RESULTS: Following the injury, the epithelial cells of the lenses extended toward the center of the injury, while undergoing repeated proliferation and stratification. After a month, the epithelial cells completely covered the entire injury. Later, a basal lamina and collagen fibers developed among the epithelial cells that had proliferated, the intracellular space enlarged, but the number of cells decreased. Histochemically, a strong actin-positive finding was observed in the epithelial cells in the growth phase. On the other hand, an investigation by means of the TUNEL method revealed epithelial cell death and a decrease in cell number. Maximal cell death was observed in the second month. During this period, lens fibers regenerated, and the clear areas of the cortex increased. CONCLUSION: Although the lenses exhibited opacity over a large area, the epithelial cells eventually fully covered the injured area. Once the repair was completed, the number of epithelial cells decreased. At the same time, the lenses were found to have developed increased clarity, leading to reconstruction. The epithelial recovery and the residual posterior suture may be the key to the reconstruction of the lenses.


Assuntos
Catarata/patologia , Células Epiteliais/ultraestrutura , Ferimentos Oculares Penetrantes/patologia , Cristalino/lesões , Cristalino/ultraestrutura , Cicatrização , Actinas/metabolismo , Animais , Membrana Basal/ultraestrutura , Contagem de Células , Morte Celular , Colágeno/ultraestrutura , DNA/biossíntese , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Feminino , Marcação In Situ das Extremidades Cortadas , Cristalino/metabolismo , Camundongos
10.
Ophthalmologica ; 217(1): 79-84, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12566879

RESUMO

Two clinical cases in which ischemic optic neuropathy (ION) occurred after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are reported. Hemorrhage in the proximity of the optic chiasm was confirmed in 2 cases following rupture of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Optic disk atrophy with excavation and permanent visual field defect (altitudinal superior hemianopia) occurred in both cases. ION seems to occur in association with the optic nerve coincidental with the hyperdensity side of SAH on head CT scan. The incidence of ION appears to be attributable to an insufficient blood supply to arteries distributed in the posterior part of the optic nerve as a result of SAH.


Assuntos
Aneurisma Roto/complicações , Aneurisma Intracraniano/complicações , Neuropatia Óptica Isquêmica/etiologia , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/etiologia , Idoso , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagem , Angiografia Cerebral , Feminino , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Atrofia Óptica/etiologia , Neuropatia Óptica Isquêmica/diagnóstico , Ruptura Espontânea , Hemorragia Subaracnóidea/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Transtornos da Visão/etiologia , Testes de Campo Visual , Campos Visuais
11.
J Refract Surg ; 18(1): 58-62, 2002.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11828909

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To elucidate the diurnal variation of human corneal curvature with regard to gender and menstrual cycle. METHODS: Changes in corneal curvature and intraocular pressure (IOP) were measured over 24 hours in 14 young adults using corneal topography and a non-contact tonometer. In study 1, seven males and seven females (after menses) were measured. In study 2, four females out of the seven volunteers who participated in study 1 were measured again during menses. RESULTS: The females after menses showed a remarkable diurnal variation throughout 24 hours. A significant difference between the light-wake periods and dark-sleep periods of 0.83 +/- 0.15 D was found (P < .01). Corneal curvature was significantly flatter during menses than after menses in the light-wake period (P < .05). In the males, no significant diurnal change (0.21 +/- 0.12 D) was measured in corneal curvature. CONCLUSIONS: Diurnal variation of corneal curvature was significant, approximately 0.83 D in young females after menses, and corneal curvature became flatter during menses in young females. Diurnal variation of corneal curvature is an important parameter for planning refractive surgery and contact lens wear.


Assuntos
Ritmo Circadiano , Topografia da Córnea , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pressão Intraocular , Masculino , Ciclo Menstrual/fisiologia
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