Sinus lift technique and dental implants for rehabilitation for a Down syndrome patient with tomographic 3-years follow-up.

Down Syndrome or trisomy 21 (T21) is a genetic condition caused by the presence of an extra chromosome in pair 21 and is related to a high prevalence of agenesis of permanent teeth and periodontal alterations that may be associated to the loss of permanent teeth at early ages. With the increase in life expectancy of people with T21 in the last decades, it is necessary to expand the knowledge to offer possibilities of treatment with dental implants, aiming to serve this aging population. AIMS: The aim of this article is to report a surgical procedure of sinus lift to enable the installation of dental implants in the posterior region of the maxilla. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 50 year-old patient with T21 was rehabilitated with implants, simultaneously with sinus lift surgery, by the lateral window technique, using xenogenous bone graft and fibrin-rich plasma. After 1 year, the patient was rehabilitated with prosthetics on implants. CONCLUSION: The feasibility of this technique in patients with Down syndrome could be observed, after 3 years of follow up, with favorable clinical results.

Sialolithiasis in the duct of submandibular gland: a case report in patient with epidermolysis bullosa.

AIM: To describe the options of treatment to remove a sialolith associated with the submandibular gland duct in a patient with epidermolysis bullosa (EB). BACKGROUND: Treatment of patients with EB is very complex and involves a multidisciplinary team. This condition is characterized by a spectrum of blistering and mechanical fragility of the skin. One main feature of this disease is the esophageal constriction and possible constriction to the submandibular duct. This alteration may induce the formation of calculi in this duct, which is called sialolith. Once the sialolith obliterates the trajectory of the duct this will lead to a sialolithiasis. The calculi have to be removed. CASE REPORT: Seventeen years old female patient with dystrophic EB developed a sialolith at the submandibular duct. She has a limited mouth opening and her tongue was collapsed with mouth floor. The first choice of treatment was the lithotripsy, once this procedure is less invasive and a surgical remove could worse the collapsed tongue. She was with acute pain and with a great augmentation in the submandibular area. Once the patient was debilitated and has difficult to swallow she invariably needed to be hospitalized in order to receive intravenous medication. During the hospitalization the sialolith could be seen through the opening of the duct and the calculi was removed with local anesthesia. CONCLUSION: The treatment of sialolithiasis usually does not present major challenges, nevertheless if the sialolithiasis is associated with EB, the treatment became an extremely challenge. In this particular case the option of treatment was the less invasive. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This case report has an enormous clinical relevance once there is no protocol to treat patients with EB and buccal diseases.

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint.

Septic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint is a rare acute infectious disease that requires attention from physicians and, once misdiagnosed, can have several implications for a patient. The most common microorganisms related to this disease are Staphylococcus aureus, Neisseria, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus. The infection of the joint may be caused by a direct spread of a local infection or by hematogenous inoculation from a distant focus. General predisposing factors, such as immunodepression, can eventually be found. The aim of the current study was to report a case in which a patient with an articular infection resulting from hematogenous dissemination from a distant site was successfully treated using joint drainage and systemic antibiotics. Secretion culture from the temporomandibular joint space was positive for S. aureus. After 1 month of antimicrobial therapy, the patient was asymptomatic and mandibular function was normal. Literature related to this topic was reviewed and discussed.

Fratura do corpo da mandíbula após exodontia de 2º molar inferior em paciente HIV positiva: relato de caso clínico / Mandibular body fracture after the extraction of the second lower molar in a HIV Positive patient: Case Report

Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico no qual uma fratura de corpo da mandíbula após exodontia do dente 37 em paciente soro positiva foi diagnosticada e tratada com sucesso por meio de redução cruenta com fixação interna estável. Relato de caso: a paciente foi submetida a procedimento cirúrgico sob anestesia geral, acesso cirúrgico submandibular tipo Risdon para exposição do traço de fratura. Para redução dos cotos ósseos foi instituído bloqueio maxilomandibular por meio de parafusos de bloqueio intermaxilar. A fixação interna estável da fratura foi realizada com placas e parafusos de titânio do sistema 2,0 mm (banda de tensão) e 2,3 mm (banda de compressão). Após, o bloqueio maxilo-mandibular foi removido e a oclusão checada. Considerações finais: as complicações ou acidentes em exodontias são sempre um fator que se deve ponderar ao planejar uma cirurgia. As fraturas mandibulares, apesar de raras, normalmente estão relacionadas ao emprego de forças excessivas durante o ato operatório, mas também podem ocorrer no pós-operatório, principalmente em decorrência do enfraquecimento ósseo na região da exodontia, não tendo a mandíbula força para suportar as cargas mastigatórias naquela região, levando à fratura.

Complicações associadas à osteotomia sagital dos ramos mandibulares / Complications associated with sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular rami

Introdução: A osteotomia sagital dos ramos mandibulares é um dos procedimentos mais utilizados em cirurgia ortognática para a correção de deformidades mandibulares. Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência das complicações trans e pós-operatórias nos pacientes submetidos à osteotomia sagital dos ramos mandibulares. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia ortognática para avanço, recuo ou correção de laterognatismo mandibular no Serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais II da Universidade Federal do Paraná, durante seis anos. Os dados (gênero, idade e deformidade dentofacial apresentada) foram coletados e correlacionados com as complicações apresentadas, por meio de análise estatística (Teste de Fischer, de Mann Whitney e de Kruskal Wallis). Resultados: O gênero feminino foi predominante (69,6%). A mediana de idade foi de 23 anos (14-65). Não houve associação estatística entre o gênero e as complicações (p=0,269) e entre a idade e as complicações (p=0,071). De um total de 46 pacientes, 11 (23,9%) tiveram, ao menos, uma complicação associada. As complicações transoperatórias com maior prevalência foram os danos visíveis ao nervo alveolar inferior (n=6/13%) e as fraturas inadequadas dos segmentos ósseos (n=6/13%). A parestesia do nervo alveolar inferior foi a complicação pós-operatória mais frequente (n=6/13%). Não houve associação estatística entre as complicações e a deformidade dentofacial apresentada pelos pacientes (p=0,389). Conclusão: Um total de 23,9 % dos pacientes sofreu algum tipo de complicação. Não houve associação estatística entre as complicações e as variáveis analisadas.

Introduction: Bilateral sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus is one of the most common procedures used in orthognathic surgery for the correction of mandibular deformities. Objective: To assess the prevalence of intraoperative and postoperative complications in patients undergoing a sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular rami. Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of the medical records of patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for the advancement, retreat or correction of mandibularlaterognatism in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of the Federal University of Parana over a period of six years. Data (gender, age and dentofacial deformity presented) were collected and correlated with the complications by means of statistical analysis (Fischer, Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests). Results: Females were predominant (69.6%). The median age was 23 years (14-65). There were no statistical associations between gender and complications (p=0.269) or between age and complications (p=0.071). Of a total of 46 patients, 11 (23.9%) had at least one complication. The most prevalent intraoperative complications were visible damage to the inferior alveolar nerve (n= 6/13%) and inadequate fractures of the bone segments (n=6/13%). Inferior alveolar nerve paresthesia was the most frequent postoperative complication (n=6/13%). There were no statistical associations between complications and the dentofacial deformity presented by the patients (p=0.389). Conclusion: 23.9% of the patients suffered some type of complication. There were no statistical associations between complications and the variables analyzed.

Osteonecroses maxilo-mandibulares relacionadas à utilização de biofosfonados / Osteonecrosis of the jaw related to use of bisphosphonates

Os bisfosfonados (BFs) são fármacos sintéticos, utilizados no tratamento do mieloma múltiplo, patologias ósseas associadas a neoplasias malignas, doença de Paget e à osteoporose. a droga reduz a reabsorção óssea e inibe o recrutamento de osteoclastos. essas drogas apresentam alguns efeitos colaterais. Recentemente foi identificada uma nova complicação denominada osteonecrose associada aos bisfosfonados (OaB). Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o assunto, considerando os fatores etiológicos, os mecanismos de ação desses medicamentos, seus efeitos adversos e tratamentos. Metodologia: Foram utilizados todos os prontuários dos pacientes que foram diagnosticados com osteonecroses maxilo-mandibulares dentro da uFPR e do Hospital XV, a partir do ano de 2006. Resultados: Demonstraram uma prevalência pelo gênero feminino (58%). a idade variou de 55 a 81 anos. a doença-base com maior incidência foi a osteoporose (35,7%). Pacientes que faziam uso de BFs administrados por via endovenosa também foram prevalentes. O ácido zoledrônico foi a medicação mais utilizada. a mandíbula foi o osso mais acometido, e como tratamento utilizaram-se mais antibióticos e bochechos com clorexidina 0,12%. Conclusão: O uso crônico de BFs pode levar à OaB. Tendo em vista a dificuldade do tratamento, o cirurgião-dentista assume um papel fundamental na sua prevenção.

The bisphosphonates (BFs) are synthetic drugs used to treat multiple myeloma, bone pathologies associated with malignancy, Paget's disease and osteoporosis. The drug reduces bone resorption and inhibits the recruitment of osteoclasts. These drugs have a number of side effects, and a new complication known as biphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis (BaO) was recently identified. Objective: To review the literature on the subject, taking into account the etiological factors, mechanisms of action of these medications, their side effects and treatments. Methodology: We used all the records of patients diagnosed with osteonecrosis of the jaw at uFPR and Hospital XV from 2006. Results: The records showed a prevalence in females (58%). ages ranged from 55 to 81 years. The base disease with the greatest incidence was osteoporosis (35.7%). There was also a prevalence of patients using intravenously administered BFs. zoledronic acid was the most commonly used medication. The mandible was the most affected bone and the most widely used treatment was antibiotics and mouthwash with 0.12% chlorhexidine. Conclusion: The chronic use of BFs can lead to BAO. Given the difficulty of treatment, the dental surgeon plays a key role in prevention.

Treatment of a large dentigerous cyst in a child.

A dentigerous cyst is a developmental odontogenic cyst that develops when fluid accumulates between the reduced enamel epithelium and the tooth crown of an unerupted tooth. Treatment modalities range from marsupialization to enucleation and are based on the premise that the pathological process can be controlled locally with minimal injury to the adjacent host structures. The purpose of this case report was to describe the diagnosis of a large expansible dentigerous cyst in an 11-year-old boy. The chosen treatment was an initial decompression to reduce the size of the osseous defect, followed by enucleation and tooth extraction.

Epidemiological analysis of orthognathic surgery in a hospital in Curitiba, Brazil: Review of 195 cases

Objetivo: Este estudio retrospectivo explora el espectro y las características de los pacientes tratados con cirugía ortognática en la Universidade Federal do Paraná. Material y método: A lo largo de 6 años, a partir de julio de 2002 hasta julio de 2008, se efectuó el seguimiento de 195 pacientes con deformidades dentofaciales que se sometieron a procedimientos de cirugía ortognática. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 25,87 años (de 14 a 65) y la proporción de mujeres y hombres fue de 1,5:1. El grupo racial predominante fue el "blanco". La mayoría de los pacientes eran parte de la población económicamente productiva. Sesenta y dos pacientes tenían la dentadura completa. Sólo el 3,59% de los pacientes fueron sometidos a anestesia local (expansión rápida de paladar). La deficiencia transversal maxilar fue la deformidad más común, seguida por la deficiencia anteroposterior del maxilar asociado con el exceso anteroposterior del maxilar inferior. La cirugía más realizada fue el retroceso mandibular. El procedimiento de cirugía duró una media de 3 h y 51 min, y el tratamiento de ortodoncia se prolongó 44,48 meses. Hubo complicaciones en el 22,57% de los pacientes, y las más habituales fueron parestesias (7,17%) y reducción inadecuada de la fractura (5,12%). Conclusiones: Los resultados de esta investigación muestran algunos conceptos que pueden caracterizar el perfil ortognático de los pacientes en el sur de Brasil. También tiene como objetivo colaborar en la correcta instauración de protocolos de cuidado de los pacientes a fin de mejorar los resultados de los procedimientos(AU)

Objective: The present retrospective study explored the spectrum and characteristics of patients treated with orthognathic surgery at the Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brazil. Materials and method: Over a six-year period from July 2002 to July 2008, the records of 195 patients with dentofacial deformities who underwent orthognathic surgical procedures were followed up. Results: Mean patient age was 25.87 years (range 14 to 65 years) and the female to male ratio was 1.5:1. The predominant racial group was "white". Most patients belonged to the economically productive population. Sixty-two patients had complete dentition. Only 3.59% patients had local anesthesia (rapid palatal expansion). Transverse maxillary deficiency was the most common deformity, followed by maxillary anteroposterior deficiency associated with mandibular anteroposterior excess. Mandibular set-back was the intervention most frequently performed. The surgical procedures took an average of 3 hours 51 minutes and orthodontic treatments took an average of 44.48 months. Complications occurred in 22.57% of patients, the most common of which were permanent paresthesia of the lower lip (7.17%) and inadequate fracture reduction (5.12%). Conclusions: The findings included concepts that were useful for characterizing the profile of patients who undergo orthognathic surgery in southern Brazil. The results also may help to correctly develop protocols for patient care designed to improve the overall results of the procedures(AU)

Avaliação das alterações esqueletais em pacientes submetidos à expansão rápida da maxila por meio de osteotomia Le Fort I: estudo cefalométrico em norma frontal / Evaluation of skeletal changes in patients submited to rapid maxillary expansion by Le Fort I osteotomy: a posteroanterior cephalometric evaluation

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste na avaliação das alterações esqueletais ocorridas após a expansão rápida da maxila (ERM) por meio de osteotomia Le Fort I. Foram realizadas cefalometrias em norma frontal, pré e pós-operatórias, de 13 pacientes com deficiência transversal de maxila. As variáveis mensuradas foram largura maxilar efetiva e largura da abertura piriforme. Foram estabelecidas as distâncias (pré e pós-operatórias) entre os pontos Maxillare direito e esquerdo, para a largura maxilar, e Lateronasal direito e esquerdo, para a largura da abertura piriforme. Para a comprovação dos objetivos propostos neste trabalho, foram utilizados o Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson e os testes paramétricos "t-Student". Houve um incremento médio de 4,1% na largura da abertura piriforme e de 3,8% na largura efetiva da maxila. Concluiu-se que após a ERM, ocorre um aumento na largura maxilar efetiva e na largura da abertura piriforme. Após a ERM, manteve-se uma correlação entre a largura da abertura piriforme e a largura maxilar posterior, como havia na fase pré-operatória, o que sugere que houve liberação das áreas de resistência pelas osteotomias empregadas.

The goal of this study is evaluate the skeletal changes that occurred after the rapid maxillary expansion (RME) through Le Fort I osteotomy. Posteroanterior cephalometries were held, pre and post-operative, in 13 patients with transversal maxillary defciency. The variables measured were the effective maxillary width and nasal width. The distances - pre and post-operative - between right and left Maxillare points, to the maxillary width, and right and left Lateronasal points, to the nasal width, were established. For proof of the goals raised in this work were used the Pearson's correlation coeffcient and the "t-Student" parametric test. There was an average increase of 4.1% in the nasal width and 3.8% in the effective maxillary width. It was concluded that after the RME occur an increase in the nasal and effective maxillary width. After the RME has remained a correlation between the nasal width and the posterior maxillary width, as there was in the pre-operative, suggesting that there was a release of resistance areas by employed osteotomies.

Maxillofacial injuries in a group of Brazilian subjects under 18 years of age

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to perform a clinical retrospective analysis of the etiology, incidence and treatment of selected oral and maxillofacial injuries in Brazilian children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted during a 14-year period between 1986 and 2000. All patients were admitted to Hospital XV in the city of Curitiba, State of Paraná. Age, gender, monthly distribution, etiology, soft injuries, associated injuries, site of fractures and methods of treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the total of 350 patients of all ages treated for facial injuries, 29.42% were within the age range of the study (0 to 18 years). Mean age was 10.61. Of the patients, 63.1% were male. The most common cause of injury was accidental falls (37.87%), followed by bicycle and motorcycle accidents (21.36%). Of the 103 patients, 88.34% had single injuries. Mandibular fractures were the most common and the condylar region was particularly affected. CONCLUSIONS: Facial trauma is a relatively common occurrence in children. The study indicates that fractures in children and adolescents differ quite considerably from an adult population.

Maxillofacial injuries in a group of Brazilian subjects under 18 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to perform a clinical retrospective analysis of the etiology, incidence and treatment of selected oral and maxillofacial injuries in Brazilian children and adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was conducted during a 14-year period between 1986 and 2000. All patients were admitted to Hospital XV in the city of Curitiba, State of Paraná. Age, gender, monthly distribution, etiology, soft injuries, associated injuries, site of fractures and methods of treatment were reviewed. RESULTS: Of the total of 350 patients of all ages treated for facial injuries, 29.42% were within the age range of the study (0 to 18 years). Mean age was 10.61. Of the patients, 63.1% were male. The most common cause of injury was accidental falls (37.87%), followed by bicycle and motorcycle accidents (21.36%). Of the 103 patients, 88.34% had single injuries. Mandibular fractures were the most common and the condylar region was particularly affected. CONCLUSIONS: Facial trauma is a relatively common occurrence in children. The study indicates that fractures in children and adolescents differ quite considerably from an adult population.

Surgical treatment of maxillary transverse deficiency: retrospective study of 14 patients.

INTRODUCTION: The diversity of the proposed techniques in the treatment of maxillary transverse deficiency in adults reflects the conflicting opinions about the primary area of resistance to maxillary expansion in the craniofacial skeleton. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the surgical expansion in which no osteotomies of the pterygomaxillary junction were made, we have carried out a retrospective study with 14 patients with maxillary transverse deficiency, who were treated from 2003 to 2006. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the study, models were made prior to and after surgery, and the intercanine and intermolar distances and the improvement of the interocclusal relationships were analyzed. Breathing function and the complications that occurred during and after the surgeries were also analyzed. RESULTS: All expansions were carried out according to pre-surgical planning so that expansion completely corrected the crossbite, resulting in the desired final occlusion for all patients. Intraoperative complications were limited to one Hyrax appliance deformation. Two patients had minor postoperative complications that included wound dehiscence and pain. Improvements in nasal breathing were observed in all patients that complained of breathing problems prior to the surgery. CONCLUSION: The satisfactory results obtained turns the surgical protocol described in this study recommended for the treatment of maxillary transverse deficiency in adults. Importantly, we found that pterygomaxillary osteotomy is not essential for maxillary expansion. The morbidity of the procedure was low with fairly minor complications, and surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion was shown to improve nasal breathing.

Massive growth of an intraoral lipoma.

AIM: The aim of this report is to present a case of one of the largest intraoral lipomas reported in the literature along with a description of its management in an outpatient clinic setting. BACKGROUND: Lipoma, a benign tumor of adipose tissue, is rarely seen in the oral cavity. When it does occur it is usually found in the cheek or tongue, followed by the lip, gingival, and floor of the mouth. The lesions appear as asymptomatic, freely movable masses. Size of the lesions varies from 3 to 50 mm with an average of 20 mm. REPORT: A 71-year-old male with a movable and huge mass located in the buccal mucosa region, which was first noticed approximately 25 years earlier, was referred to the Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic at the Universidade Federal do Paraná. A clinical diagnosis of lipoma was established, and the treatment consisted of complete excision of the mass under local anesthesia. SUMMARY: Although some larger oral masses are better managed surgically at hospital facilities, the present case was treated with local anesthesia with no complications. The lesion evolution and clinical characteristics precluded an incisional biopsy so the excisional surgical approach was used. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This case report emphasizes the slow growth and benign characteristics of oral lipomas. Even though the lesion presented with a remarkable size, surgical management could be conducted on an outpatient clinical basis.

Tratamento cirúrgico de mixoma odontogênico com enxerto ósseo autógeno: relato de dois casos / Surgical treatment of odontogenic myxoma with autogenous graft: report of two cases

Tumor odontogênico de origem mesodérmica, com comportamento benigno, embora localmente invasivo e recidivante, o mixoma odontogênico acomete com maior freqüência a mandíbula de adolescentes, com leve predominância no sexo feminino. Clinicamente se manifesta como uma expansão óssea lenta e indolor; radiograficamente observa-se uma imagem radiolúcida de contorno indefinido multi ou unilocular, comumente associada a um dente incluso. O tratamento é cirúrgico e a recidivafreqüente. Acompanhamento pós-operatório de longo prazo é necessário e, no caso de recidiva, nova intervenção cirúrgica, mais radical, deve ser executada. Foram relatados dois casos de mixomas em que foram necessárias novas intervenções cirúrgicas para tratamento de recidivas e a utilização de enxerto ósseo autógeno na reconstrução das áreas lesadas.

Comparaçäo entre duas técnicas de fixaçäo rígida por meio de ensaio mecânico de compressäo / Internal rigid fixation in mandibular osteotomies: a comparative study using compressive mechanical testing

O presente trabalho visa avaliar in vitro, por meio de um ensaio mecânico de compressäo, a resistência da fixaçäo rígida através do uso de parafusos bicorticais auto-rosqueáveis, e o deslocamento de fragmentos ósseos submetidos à aplicaçäo de uma carga artificial, em dois grupos de osteotomias sagitais do ramo realizadas em mandíbulas de carneiro frescas. As osteotomias fixadas por três parafusos no padräo de posicionamento horizontal, com angulaçäo de 90º com a vertical vestibular foram estatisticamente mais resistentes do que as fixadas por dois parafusos no padräo de posicionamento horizontal, com angulaçäo de 60º com a cortical vestibular

Contribuiçäo ao estudo das aplicectomias em dentes posteriores com obturaçäo apical com amálgama de prata sem zinco / Contribution to the study of apicectomy in posterior teeth with apical filling with silver amalgam zinc free

O presente trabalho foi realizado com o propósito de se verificar a aplicaçäo da apicectomia em dentes posteriores usando amálgama de prata sem zinco. Vinte e três dentes posteriores foram operados em ambos os arcos. Dezoitos pacientes com lesäo periapical foram submetidos à cirurgia. As indicaçöes, bem como, a técnica foram baseadas na revisäo da literatura

Emprego da cintilografia em Odontologia: um método auxiliar no diagnóstico de patologia do complexo buco-maxilo-facial / Cyntilography in Dentistry: an auxiliary method for diagnosis of pathologies in oral maxillofacial complex

No presente trabalho os autores apresentam algumas noções básicas sobre cintilografia e seu emprego no diagnóstico de patologias que afetam a área de atuação do cirurgião buco-maxilo-facial. São apresentados cinco casos clínicos para os quais foram empregados este exame complementar