RESUMO
Exosomes are nanosized vesicles and have recently been recognized as important players in cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes contain different mediators such as proteins, nucleic acids (DNA, mRNA, miRNAs, and other ncRNAs), and lipid mediators and can shuttle their exosomal content to both neighboring and distal cells. Exosomes are very effective in orchestrating immune responses in the airways and all cell types can contribute to the systemic exosome pool. Intracellular communication between the broad range of cell types within the lung is crucial in disease emphasizing the importance of exosomes. In asthma, exosomes affect the inflammatory microenvironment which ultimately determines the development or alleviation of the pathological symptoms. Recent studies in this area have provided insight into the underlying mechanisms of disease and led to interest in using exosomes as potential novel therapeutic agents.
Assuntos
Asma/patologia , Exossomos/patologia , Animais , Comunicação Celular/fisiologia , Microambiente Celular/fisiologia , Humanos , Inflamação/patologiaRESUMO
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Assuntos
Humanos , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/epidemiologia , Infecções/diagnóstico , Neutrófilos/imunologia , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Infecções/epidemiologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Escarro/imunologia , EscarroAssuntos
Asma , Azitromicina , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Humanos , Neutrófilos , Qualidade de Vida , EscarroRESUMO
Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary by-pass and, to a greater extent, lung resection, causes acute lung injury that is usually subclinical. Analysis of mediators in exhaled breath condensate is a promising means of monitoring inflammation in a variety of airway diseases but the contribution of the airway lining fluid from the lower respiratory tract is uncertain. We compared the analysis of markers of lung injury in exhaled breath condensate and bronchoalveolar lavage in endotracheally intubated patients before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass and lobectomy. The neutrophil count and leukotriene B4 concentration in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid rose after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (p < 0.05), but there was no significant change in leukotriene B4, hydrogen peroxide, or hydrogen ion concentrations in exhaled breath condensate. By contrast, after lobectomy, the concentration in exhaled breath condensate of leukotriene B4, hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen ions rose significantly (p < 0.05). Exhaled breath condensate is a safe, noninvasive method of sampling the milieu of the distal lung and is sufficiently sensitive to detect markers of inflammation and oxidative stress in patients after lobectomy, but not after the milder insult associated with cardiac surgery.
