Fillers and methods to improve the effective (out-plane) thermal conductivity of polymeric thermal interface materials - A review.

The internet of things and growing demand for smaller and more advanced devices has created the problem of high heat production in electronic equipment, which greatly reduces the work performance and life of the electronic instruments. Thermal interface material (TIM) is placed in between heat generating micro-chip and the heat dissipater to conduct all the produced heat to the heat sink. The development of suitable TIM with excellent thermal conductivity (TC) in both in-plane and through-plane directions is a very important need at present. For efficient thermal management, polymer composites are potential candidates. But in general, their thermal conductivity is low compared to that of metals. The filler integration into the polymer matrix is one of the two approaches used to increase the thermal conductivity of polymer composites and is also easy to scale up for industrial production. Another way to achieve this is to change the structure of polymer chains, which fall out of the scope of this work. In this review, considering the first approach, the authors have summarized recent developments in many types of fillers with different scenarios by providing multiple cases with successful strategies to improve through-plane thermal conductivity (TPTC) (k⊥). For a better understanding of TC, a comprehensive background is presented. Several methods to improve the effective (out-plane) thermal conductivity of polymer composites and different theoretical models for the calculation of TC are also discussed. In the end, it is given a detailed conclusion that provides drawbacks of some fillers, multiple significant routes recommended by other researchers to build thermally conductive polymer composites, future aspects along with direction so that the researchers can get a guideline to design an effective polymer-based thermal interface material.

Structural investigation of some novel synthesized Schiff base Transition metal complexes derived from drug together with Antimicrobial study.

A new series of copper (II), cobalt (II), zinc (II), nickel (II), manganese (II), iron (II) complexes with a novel Schiff base were synthesized by the condensation of sulphadizine and thiophene-2-carbaldehyde.The ligand and its complexes were characterized by using diverse instrumental procedures like microanalysis, thermo gravimetric examination and spectroscopy. The integrated ligand and its metal complexes were subjected to antibacterial studies. These studies demonstrated the enhanced activity of metal complexes against reported microbes with respect to the Schiff base.

Green approach towards the determination of hydroxyzine dihydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

A simple eco-friendly method has been developed for detection of hydroxyzine dihydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Both conventional system and microwave assisted procedures are used for the development of color. The blue coloured complex is measured spectrophotometrically at 750nm. Peak shift in FT-IR spectra also indicated the formation of complex. The reaction obeys Beer's law over the concentration range of 50- 250ßg/mL of hydroxyzine dihydrochloride. The precision value (intra-day and inter-day RSD) for the drug is not greater than 0.79% and recoveries were found to be in range of 99.01-99.99%. The designed method is applicable for periodic determination of hydroxyzine dihydrochloride in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Development and implication of methodology for aceclofenac in pure and pharmaceutical formulations by microwave assisted spectrophotometry.

A simple, fast and cost effective method for determination of aceclofenac in pure and tablet formulations has been developed and validated. The method is based on formation of stable blue coloured complex (λmax = 740nm) of Aceclofenac with ammonium molybdate in presence of sulfuric acid under microwave irradiation for 5min. Peak shift in FT-IR spectra also indicated the formation of complex. Measurement of absorbance was carried out at λmax = 740nm. The reaction obeys Beer's law over the concentration range of 50-250µg/ml of aceclofenac. The RSD (intra-day and inter-day precision) for the drug is not greater than 0.95% and recoveries were found to be in range of 99.01-99.99%. The proposed method can be used successfully for routine analysis of aceclofenac in pure and tablet formulations.