Fenestrated popliteal vein pierced by a branch of the tibial nerve.

Knowledge of anatomical variations is important so as to avoid potential iatrogenic injury or misdiagnosis on imaging. Here we report an unusual finding and relationship between the tibial nerve and popliteal vein. During the routine dissection of an adult cadaver, it was noted that a branch of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa pierced the most distal part of the popliteal vein. This unusual finding is described and relevant reports in the literature discussed. Our hopes are that such a report might help surgeons avoid injury to such a fenestrated popliteal vein and the tibial nerve branch traveling through it therefore decreasing patient morbidity.

The Parasympathetic Root of the Submandibular Ganglion: A Review.

The submandibular ganglion is a small fusiform-shaped cluster of cell bodies of the parasympathetic nervous system. Parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular gland is not only responsible for the secretion of saliva, but it also plays a main role in the development and regeneration of the gland. The parasympathetic root of the submandibular ganglion or the posterior branch of the lingual nerve to the submandibular ganglion is one of three roots of the submandibular ganglion. Using standard search engines (PubMed, Google), papers in English discussing the anatomy, embryology, variations, and clinical significance of the parasympathetic root of the submandibular ganglion were reviewed.

Who really needs a Metaverse in anatomy education? A review with preliminary survey results.

The term Metaverse ("meta" defined as beyond, transcendence or virtuality, and "verse" meaning universe or world) denotes a "virtual reality space" for anatomy teaching. To ascertain how many anatomists are familiar or are using this adjunct in teaching, we conducted a short survey at the 2022 annual meeting of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists (AACA). Interestingly, only six respondents (9.4%) had used a Metaverse for teaching anatomy. Moreover, the vast majority of attendees were anatomy educators or basic science faculty, but not practicing physicians/surgeons or other actively practicing health care professionals; a group where this technology has been used much more commonly. The present manuscript was authored by anatomy educators, practicing physicians and other actively practicing health care professionals with backgrounds in diverse medical fields, that is, anatomists, medical doctors, physician assistants, dentists, occupational therapists, physical therapists, chiropractors, veterinarians, and medical students. Many of these authors have used or have been exposed to a Metaverse in the clinical realm. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to better understand those who are knowledgeable of a Metaverse and its use in anatomy education, and to provide ways forward for using such technology in this discipline.

Duplication of the ovarian vein: comprehensive review and case illustration.

Variations of the ovarian veins can impact imaging diagnosis, surgical procedures of the region, and can be related to clinical findings such as compression of the ureter. Therefore, a good working knowledge of such variants is important to the clinician who interprets imaging of the posterior abdominopelvic region of women and surgeons who operate in this region. Herein, we present a comprehensive review of duplicated ovarian veins and provide a case illustration.