Effects of astaxanthin supplementation in healthy and obese dogs.

BACKGROUND: Since astaxanthin (ASX) has potent anti-oxidative effects with inhibitory action of lipid peroxidation and singlet oxygen quenching activity, it is widely used as a functional food for keeping good health in human. Obesity is a risk factor for various metabolic disorders. It is characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation based on oxidative stress by excessively produced ROS. From the point of preventive medicine, natural compounds have been proposed as potential therapeutic agents in the prevention of metabolic disorder in companion animals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of ASX supplementation in healthy and obese dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten healthy beagle dogs and 5 clinically obese dogs were used in this study. The healthy beagle dogs were randomly divided into 2 groups as follows: control and test groups. The test group dogs received ASX supplementation mixed with the food for 6 weeks. Five clinically obese dogs received ASX supplementation for 8 weeks. Metabolites, hormones and enzymes were measured before and after ASX supplementation. RESULTS: In the healthy dog groups, after 6 weeks, plasma triglyceride (TG) and malondialdehyde concentrations and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) values significantly decreased in the test group. There was no significant difference in the control group. In clinically obese dogs, plasma TG concentration decreased after 8 weeks of ASX supplementation. Plasma alanine aminotransferase and LDH values clearly decreased in all 5 dogs and 4 dogs out of 5 dogs, respectively. CONCLUSION: ASX supplementation (0.3 mg/kg body weight/day) for 6 weeks in healthy dogs and 8 weeks in obese dogs induced the elevation of antioxidant function and of liver function by ameliorating lipid metabolism.

Changes in Plasma Metabolites Concentrations in Obese Dogs Supplemented With Anti-oxidant Compound.

The aim of this study is to discuss the effect of anti-oxidant supplement (Rv-PEM01-99, Kibun Foods, Inc., Tokyo, Japan) on changes in energy metabolism in obese dogs. 200 mg/kg/day of Rv-PEM01-99 (equivalent to 5 mg kg/day of quercetin derivative) were applied for 6 weeks to the Beagle dogs fed high fat diet (HFD) or control diet (CD). In the present study, body weight (BW) decreasing effect of Rv-PEM 01-99 in obese dogs was not clear. However, plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities at the end of experiment were significantly decreased compared to those at the start of experiment in obese dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99 (paired-t test, p < 0.05). In control dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99, Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), and triglycerides (TG) levels and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were significantly decreased compared to those at the start of experiment (paired-t test, p < 0.05). From these findings, Rv-PEM 01-99 seems to be not harmful for dogs. Anti-lipid peroxide effect and liver function improvement are expected in the dogs supplemented with Rv-PEM 01-99.

Antitumour and Apoptotic Effects of a Plant Extract Mixture Containing Rhus verniciflua and Other Herbs in Human Leukaemia Cells.

The apoptotic effects of a novel antitumour agent (Rv-PEM01) prepared from 6 kinds of herbs, including Rhus verniciflua were investigated using flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Rv-PEM01 induced apoptosis but not necrosis in MOLT-3, KG-1, and K562 human leukaemia cell lines. Further, Rv-PEM01-treated cells showed significantly upregulated expression of caspase-3 and 9 and cleaved caspase-3 and 9 compared to the control cells. Taken together, the results suggest that Rv-PEM01 induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial-mediated pathway, and is a potential natural anticancer agent and/or a functional food material.

Homogeneous cell suspension of Malassezia pachydermatis obtained with an ultrasonic homogenizer.

It is difficult to produce homogeneous cell suspensions of Malassezia pachydermatis, since yeast cells paste up and form many clumps. However, homogeneous fungal suspensions are required for susceptibility examinations and biochemical analyses. Although several types of trials have been carried out using glass homogenizers and many types of agents to obtain homogeneous fungal suspension. They have not yielded good results. We therefore attempted to use an ultrasonic homogenizer to separate clumps of yeast cells into separate individual cells. We succeeded in this fashion in producing homogeneous cell suspensions of M. pachydermatis. These results indicate that an ultrasonic homogenizer can be used to prepare homogeneous fungal suspensions of M. pachydermatis.