Carrier transport in high mobility InAs nanowire junctionless transistors.

The ability to understand and model the performance limits of nanowire transistors is the key to the design of next generation devices. Here, we report studies on high-mobility junctionless gate-all-around nanowire field effect transistor with carrier mobility reaching 2000 cm(2)/V·s at room temperature. Temperature-dependent transport measurements reveal activated transport at low temperatures due to surface donors, while at room temperature the transport shows a diffusive behavior. From the conductivity data, the extracted value of sound velocity in InAs nanowires is found to be an order less than the bulk. This low sound velocity is attributed to the extended crystal defects that ubiquitously appear in these nanowires. Analyzing the temperature-dependent mobility data, we identify the key scattering mechanisms limiting the carrier transport in these nanowires. Finally, using these scattering models, we perform drift-diffusion based transport simulations of a nanowire field-effect transistor and compare the device performances with experimental measurements. Our device modeling provides insight into performance limits of InAs nanowire transistors and can be used as a predictive methodology for nanowire-based integrated circuits.

Awareness of dental surgeons in Pune and Mumbai, India, regarding chemomechanical caries removal system.

AIM: To evaluate awareness of dental surgeons in Pune and Mumbai, India regarding chemomechanical caries removal system (CMCR). STUDY DESIGN: Sixty practicing dental surgeons from Mumbai (30) and Pune (30) were surveyed using questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Qualitative data was collected on the basis of structured schedule questionnaire method. STATISTICS: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS v. 12.0. To test statistical significance, Chi-square test, Fishers exact test and Mann-Whitney U test were used. RESULTS: Of total respondents, 46.7% dental surgeons in Pune and 13.3% in Mumbai were aware about CMCR products. Carisolv® was known to 57.1% of dental surgeons in Pune and 75% in Mumbai, whereas, Papacarie® was known to 28.6% of dentists in Pune and none in Mumbai among the respondents aware about CMCR products. CONCLUSION: A significantly higher proportion of dental surgeons from Pune were aware about CMCR products compared to Mumbai. Dental surgeons from Mumbai were unaware about Papacarie®. Almost equal proportion of Dentists from Mumbai and Pune would like to undergo CDE programs to seek knowledge on CMCR, particularly Papacarie®.

Probing decoherence with electromagnetically induced transparency in superconductive quantum circuits.

Superconductive quantum circuits comprise quantized energy levels that may be coupled via microwave electromagnetic fields. Described in this way, one may draw a close analogy to atoms with internal (electronic) levels coupled by laser light fields. In this Letter, we present a superconductive analog to electromagnetically induced transparency that utilizes superconductive quantum circuit designs of present day experimental consideration. We discuss how a superconductive analog to electromagnetically induced transparency can be used to establish macroscopic coherence in such systems and, thereby, be utilized as a sensitive probe of decoherence.

Test by NMR of the phase coherence of electromagnetically induced transparency.

Electromagnetically induced transparency is an effect observed in atomic systems, originating from quantum interference, in which electromagnetic transitions to and from a certain quantum state become suppressed. This dark state is also characterized by a quantum phase, relative to other states, which theoretically should stop evolving, but remain phase coherent, during transparency. We test this theoretical prediction using techniques developed for liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computation, applied to a spin-7/2 nuclear spin system. A sequence of quantum operations is applied to create the dark state, and during transparency its phase evolution is measured relative to a reference state using Ramsey interferometry. Experimental measurements of the fringe visibility are in excellent agreement with theoretical expectations, taking into account measured decoherence rates.

Impedance plethysmography of thoracic region: impedance cardiography.

Impedance plethysmograms were recorded from thoracic region in 254 normal subjects, 183 patients with coronary artery disease, 391 patients with valvular heart disease and 107 patients with congenital septal disorder. The data in 18 normal subjects and 55 patients showed that basal impedance decreases markedly during exercise in patients with ischaemic heart disease. Estimation of cardiac index by this technique in a group of 99 normal subjects has been observed to be more consistent than that of the stroke volume. Estimation of systolic time index from impedance plethysmograms in 34 normal subjects has been shown to be as reliable as that from electrocardiogram, phonocardiogram and carotid pulse tracing. Changes in the shape of plethysmographic waveform produced by valvular and congenital heart diseases are briefly described and the role of this technique in screening cardiac patients has been highlighted.

Antipyrine metabolism in patients with diabetes mellitus.

1. A pharmacokinetic study of antipyrine was performed in healthy volunteers and diabetic subjects, ten in each group. After a single oral dose of antipyrine (18 mg/kg) multiple samples of saliva were collected for the determination of antipyrine concentration and a pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out. 2. The mean salivary half-life of antipyrine was found to be significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled diabetes as compared to the healthy subjects. However, there was no significant difference in volume of distribution and metabolic clearance rates. 3. After 15 days of insulin therapy, there was a significant reduction in the mean half-life of antipyrine in the diabetic patients. The mean half-life of antipyrine in the patients with controlled diabetes was not significantly different from that of the normal healthy subjects. 4. There was no significant correlation between the salivary half-life of antipyrine and a 2 hour postprandial blood sugar level in the diabetic patients. 5. Our data suggest impaired hepatic microsomal enzyme activity in patients with uncontrolled diabetes which was corrected after 15 days of insulin therapy.