[The role of tonsillectomy in the treatment of chronic tonsillitis]. / Vliyanie tonzillektomii na kachestvo zhizni patsientov s khronicheskim tonzillitom.

The problem of chronic tonsillitis remains one of the urgent problems of modern otorhinolaryngology. The article discusses the statistics and complications of chronic tonsillitis, provides indications for tonsillectomy and its main complications. OBJECTIVE: Generalization and systematization of data on the impact of surgical treatment on the quality of life of patients with chronic tonsillitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Search for literary sources, carried out using the search engines of the RSCI, PubMed, Web of Science, and eLibrary. RESULTS: A review of literature sources demonstrates a significant improvement in the quality of life of patients after tonsillectomy; however, data from some studies show a trend towards a decrease in the number of planned tonsillectomies and an associated increase in the detection of local purulent-septic complications.

[Modern approaches to the surgical treatment of chronic tonsillitis]. / Sοvremennye pοdkhοdy k khirurgicheskοmu lecheniyu khrοnicheskοgο tοnzillita.

At the moment, all over the world there are a large number of various methods of surgical treatment of chronic tonsillitis. In particular: classical tonsillectomy, cryosurgical method for removing the palatine tonsils, shaver tonsillectomy, monopolar and bipolar tonsillectomy, tonsillectomy with an ultrasonic scalpel, bipolar dissection using cutting instruments, laser tonsillectomy, coldablation. This article analyzes the existing methods, describes the fundamental technique for their implementation, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Given the abundance of various surgical approaches to the treatment of chronic tonsillitis, there is a need for studies aimed at comparative study of their clinical and microbiological efficacy, including the postoperative period.

[The use of blood plasma enriched with platelet growth factors during experimental perforation of the tympanic membrane]. / Primenenie plazmy krovi, obogashchennoi trombotsitarnymi faktorami rosta, pri éksperimental'noi perforatsii barabannoi pereponki.

OBJECTIVE: To study morphofunctional tissue changes during perforation of the tympanic membrane using blood plasma enriched with platelet growth factors in the experiment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Examined 36 rats (72 tympanic membranes), which were divided into 2 groups, experimental (1st) and control (2nd). Injected blood plasma enriched with platelet-derived growth factors into the external auditory canal once by application after perforation of the tympanic membrane in the rats of the experimental group. Sacrificed rats on the 5th, 10th, 15th day after surgery (6 animals in each group at each stage). Evaluated the condition of the tympanic membrane otoscopically during the experiment. Evaluated the signs of acute otitis media, the presence of 'dry' perforation of the tympanic membrane (without signs of inflammation), and the closure of perforation of the tympanic membrane. RESULTS: In the experimental group, on the 5th day after the surgery, there were no signs of acute otitis media, closure of perforation of the tympanic membrane was identified in 4 cases, 'dry' perforation of the tympanic membrane (without signs of inflammation) was preserved in 8 cases. In the control group, on the 5th day after the surgery, the signs of acute otitis media were identified in 9 cases, cases of closure of the perforation of the tympanic membrane were not noted, 'dry' perforation of the tympanic membrane was preserved in 3 cases. In the 1st group, on the 10th day after surgery, the signs of acute otitis media were identified in 1 case, 'dry' perforation of the tympanic membrane was preserved in 1 case, closure of perforation of the tympanic membrane was identified in 10 cases. At the same time in the 2nd group, the signs of acute otitis media were identified in 6 cases, the 'dry' perforation of the tympanic membrane was preserved in 6 cases, there were no cases of closure of the perforation of the tympanic membrane. In the 1st group, on the 15th day after the surgery, there were no signs of acute otitis media, 'dry' perforation of the tympanic membrane was preserved in 1 case, closure of perforation of the tympanic membrane was identified in 11 cases. In the 2nd group, on the 15th day after surgery the signs of acute otitis media was identified in 1 case, 'dry' perforation of the tympanic membrane was preserved in 10 cases, the closure of perforation of the tympanic membrane was noted in 1 case. CONCLUSION: Preliminary results show a favorable effect of blood plasma enriched with platelet growth factors on the regeneration of the tympanic membrane under conditions of its traumatic perforation in the rat experiment, which is manifested in a decrease in the incidence of acute otitis media on the 5th day after perforation and in an increase in the incidence of closure of tympanic membrane perforation both on the 10th and 15th day, and in general in the experimental group.

[Foreign bodies in the external auditory canal and tympanic cavity].

The rare clinical case of a patient with chronic otitis media and foreign body in the middle ear - a micro earphone in the tympanic cavity - is described in this article. The diagnostics, possible complications, and surgical treatment are discussed.

[Chronic hyperplastic laryngitis: problems of diagnosis].

Current methods of diagnosis of chronic hyperplastic laryngitis (CHL) are analysed. Etiology, clinical picture, classification of CHL, laryngeal cancer morbidity in Russia, malignant transformation of CHL, methods of additional device and laboratory examination are reviewed. Morphospectrophotometry is proposed for differential diagnosis between CHL and laryngeal cancer.

[Early diagnosis of neurosensory component in various forms of conductive hearing loss]. / Ranniaia diagnostika neirosensornogo komponenta pri razlichnykh formakh konduktivnoi tugoukhosti.

Audiological examination including routine methods, tonal threshold audiometry (10000-20000 Hz frequency range), noise resistance of the acoustic analyzer in contralateral masking with noises of different intensity has been made to identify early subclinical neurosensory hypoacusis in 96 patients with acute and chronic inflammation of the middle ear aged 17-75 years. 140 subjects with normal hearing served control. The findings show the ability of such tests to assess noise resistance of the acoustic analyzer and tonal threshold audiometry in wide range of frequencies to detect latent neurosensory hypoacusis which is correctable if discovered early.

[Experience in the use of current methods in early and differential diagnosis of hearing disorders]. / Opyt primeneniia sovremennykh metodov rannei i differentsial'noi diagnostiki slukhovykh rasstroistv.

The authors review acoustic tests available for practitioners and sufficient for early diagnosis of hypoacusis. Low-frequency tuning--forks (C32, C64) are essential for detection of early conductive hypoacusis, whereas tests for acoustic sensitivity in high-frequency range (10-20 kHz) and in ultrasound band help differentiate neurosensory hypoacusis and otosclerosis. Registration of acoustic evoked potentials, electrocochleography are effective but not easy to perform techniques provided by only large audiological centers. Impedancemetry is more simple and permits more accurate diagnosis of the origin of neurosensory and mixed hypoacusis, it can be used in mass screenings, especially in children. Medical institutions furnished with currently available "battery of tests" can solve the problem of early diagnosis of acoustic defects.

[Para-tonsillitis -- debatable questions of treatment techniques]. / Paratonzillit -- spornye voprosy lechebnoi taktiki.

The authors review variants of therapeutic policy in paratonsillitis. They think it necessary to perform in paratonsillar abscess abscess-tonsillectomy on the affected and tonsillectomy on the collateral side. Follow-up results are presented for cases of paratonsillitis treated in the ENT clinic of the Russian Medical University throughout 1990-1992.