[School performance: a question that divides. Analysis of learning difficulty]. / Il rendimento scolastico: una questione che divide. Analisi delle difficoltà di apprendimento.

The difficulty of learning is getting always more important, also in relation of a better knowledge of these problems. One factor which has to be taken in consideration as the behaviour of the school.

[They way adolescents live at home]. / Come l'adolescente vive la casa.

The kids, observing the relationship of their parents, are learning from them. Today the home is less home for everyone. At home you are eating, you are learning, especially you are watching a lot of TV. Often there is non a lot of trust between each other. Because of this the conversation is necessary and not the control of the adolescent secretly.

[Adolescence and family life cycle. Role of the pediatrician]. / L'adolescenza e il ciclo di vita della famiglia. Il ruolo del pediatra.

Adolescence observed as one of the step of the life cycle from the point of view of changes in the family. The role of paediatricians in the conversation with the adolescent and his parents is to pay attention to the influence that the whole family system could have on producing symptoms.

[Eating disorders in adolescence: anorexia in children]. / I disturbi alimentari in adolescenza: l'anoressia nel bambino.

When doctor visits adolescents have to pay attention to the massage of body like a mirror of difficulty about growth. Adolescents change their eating habits because they need to distinguish to the family. The doctor have to see first signals of more serious behaviour join to eating: anorexia nervosa.

[Advanced adolescence]. / L'adolescenza avanzata.

The advanced adolescence is the one after the eighteenth birthday. The adolescent tries to accomplish 3 engagements: 1. social and economic stability, 2. the research of a system of values, 3. record of concepts.

[Adolescence and alcohol abuse. Relevance of information given by the pediatrician]. / Gli adolescenti e l'abuso di alcol. L'importanza dell'informazione per il pediatra.

Often we don't see alcohol abuse among adolescents, but this kind of drug, easy to find, could be used to trying their limits. Contemporary group has an important role in the habit of drinking. Often family don't think that it's real problem and it's important that paediatrician grasp this dangerous signals.

[Adolescents and suicide. Some comments on the role of the pediatrician in researching the motivations for suicidal behaviors]. / Adolescenti e suicidio. Alcune considerazioni sul ruolo del pediatra nella ricerca delle motivazioni delle condotte suicidarie.

The modern pediatric is interested also in the adolescent. Sometimes disorders of the behaviour lived of a teenager in a family on risk can lead to attempts of suicide. The authors will analyze at the basis of their experience like pediatrics this problematic.

[New problems of adolescents: perspectives for the intervention of the pediatrician]. / Le nuove problematiche adolescenziali: prospettive per l'intervento del Pediatra.

The Pediatrician is daily in contact with a large number of adolescents, and therefore is able to recognize those who display behavioural problems. The Pediatrician is often asked for advice in order to solve practical problems such as the choice of school, the practice of sports, ecc. His advice is somehow conditioned by his previous experiences as an adolescent and, if he is a parent himself, by his present familial situation. In the last years, the problems of the adolescents and the fears of their parents have changed, the main concern being today the one for work, due to the high levels of unemployment and underemployment affecting our society. In this situation, some of the most frequent attitudes of parents towards adolescents seem to be erroneous, such as asking them for social success at any cost (e.g. attending unwelcome studies or performing inappropriate sports). This leads to failures that often prove to be unbearable for young people not trained to face and overcome frustration. Parents also seem often to underestimate the possibility of their own "child" being involved in episodes of hooliganism, shoplifting, violence like the ones daily described by the media. The excessive idealization of adolescents by their parents seems to be one of the main causes of this situation. The Pediatrician can intervene with advice, in order to orientate adolescents towards realistic life objectives and a satisfactory development of their personality.

[The adolescent and the choice of profession]. / L'adolescente e la scelta della professione.

Is easy to understand that choice of profession in countries where there is no organized professional help for job guidance it is not based done of the recognitions of the aptitude necessary for a particular job or profession. But it is a result of a very different actual conditions: youthful fancies, parent's mistakes, influences of the surroundings, ets. The situation of this conditions that we find in other countries and in Italy would resulting a serious problem. If not overcome by positive judgment in the orientation. The fact of the average intelligence accompany by sufficient good will is needed to overcome most common difficulties which are meet in a job or a profession.

[The risk of infection after a tick bite in an endemic area. The experience of the use of an effective protocol on a cohort of Tuscan children]. / Rischio di infezione dopo puntura di zecca in una zona endemica. Esperienza sull'applicazione di un protocollo operativo su una coorte di bambini toscani.

The authors suggest an executive protocol for the infections due to the sting of a tick in a child. They report the experience they had observing 92 children in the period between spring and autumn in the year 1996.

[Adolescent emergencies: the need for active prevention to the spread of STDs (sexually transmitted diseases)]. / Emergenza adolescenti: la necessità di fare una prevenzione attiva alla diffusione delle M.S.T. (malattie sessualmente trasmesse).

The authors suggest a program of diffusion of posters which invite young adolescents to pay attention to the symptoms of the S.T.D. They suggest also to found a telephone line where the adolescent can call for any problem or question.

[Adolescents and the conflict between generations. The role of the pediatrician]. / Gli adolescenti e il conflitto generazionale. Il ruolo del Pediatra.

In the period of adolescence the problems due to diseases go down and those due to the personality of young boys and girls increase. While the former can be cured by drugs, the latter need much reflection and help from Pediatricians.

[Emergency laboratory in the pediatric module]. / Il Laboratorio di Urgenza nel modulo pediatrico.

The emergency in the laboratory is a serious problem. The Authors, starting from management evaluations, try to analyse the problems related to the urgent examinations in the Laboratory of a Pediatric Hospital. They propose executive ways for the best working of the same laboratory.

[Urine analysis in a pediatric laboratory using reagent strips read visually (visual dip sticks)]. / L'esame delle urine in un laboratorio pediatrico effettuato mediante strisce reattive ad osservazione diretta (dip sticks visual).

The Authors studied the possibility of using some dip sticks visual for urinalysis. One hundred of urine samples have been analyzed at the beginning with the instrumental laboratory analytical system and then with the dip sticks visual; the results put in evidence that there is a real discrepancy as far as glucose is concerned. Glucose is overestimated in dip sticks visual method. Bilirubin, blood and proteins are in a decreasing order the most different items. Concerning to pH the results have been comparable. Specific weight cannot be compared to the laboratory method, on the other hand it can be used for screening. On the whole the Authors are quite satisfied about dip sticks visual method; it can be used in order to accelerate diagnosis and avoid pre-analytical mistakes.