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1.
Zoonoses Public Health ; 64(6): 491-493, 2017 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28418113

RESUMO

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection that can result in a progressive dilated cardiomyopathy. Here, we present the epidemiologic details of a suspected locally acquired transmission case originating from the southern United States. This is the first published report of Chagas disease in a young, healthy United States veteran with repeat triatomine exposures in Arizona. Military personnel and Arizona residents should be aware of their Chagas disease transmission risks.


Assuntos
Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Animais , Arizona/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Humanos , Insetos Vetores , Masculino , Triatominae/fisiologia
2.
Zoonoses Public Health ; 64(5): 313-327, 2017 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27911051

RESUMO

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi infection) is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases affecting the Americas. The transmission dynamic of this parasite is a complicated process that involves three genera of Triatominae subfamily and over 100 known mammalian reservoirs composed of domestic, peridomestic and wildlife species. Understanding the complex relationship between vector species and mammalian hosts is important for preventing transmission to humans. We performed a historical literature review to assess the disease burden in the Texas wildlife and domestic animal population. Reports of sylvatic transmission in Texas date back to the 1940s. We found that up to 23 species can serve as reservoirs for T. cruzi in the state with wood rats, raccoons, and wild and domestic canine species most frequently reported as positive for the parasite. We finish with a discussion of the current research gaps, implications for high-risk populations and future directions for research.


Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/parasitologia , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Doença de Chagas/veterinária , Animais , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Texas/epidemiologia , Trypanosoma cruzi
3.
Epidemiol Infect ; 144(5): 1010-3, 2016 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25170765

RESUMO

Chagas disease is an important emerging disease in Texas that results in cardiomyopathy in about 30% of those infected with the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. Between the years 2008 and 2012, about 1/6500 blood donors were T. cruzi antibody-confirmed positive. We found older persons and minority populations, particularly Hispanic, at highest risk for screening positive for T. cruzi antibodies during routine blood donation. Zip code analysis determined that T. cruzi is associated with poverty. Chagas disease has a significant disease burden and is a cause of substantial economic losses in Texas.


Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doença de Chagas/parasitologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Texas/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
4.
Epidemiol Infect ; 143(14): 2939-49, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25640583

RESUMO

A novel influenza virus emerged in the United States in spring 2009, rapidly becoming a global pandemic. Children were disproportionally affected by the novel influenza A(H1N1) pandemic virus [A(H1N1)pdm]. This retrospective electronic medical record review study aimed to identify clinical predictors of disease severity of influenza A(HIN1)pdm infection in paediatric patients. Disease severity was defined on an increasing three-level scale from non-hospitalized, hospitalized, and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). From April 2009 to June 2010, 696 children presented to Texas Children's Hospital's emergency department, 38% were hospitalized, and 17% were admitted to the ICU. Presenting symptoms associated with severe influenza were dyspnoea [odds ratio (OR) 5·82], tachycardia (OR 2·61) and fatigue (OR 1·96). Pre-existing health conditions associated with disease severity included seizure disorder (OR 4·71), obesity (OR 3·28), lung disease (OR 2·84), premature birth (OR 2·53), haematological disease (OR 2·22), and developmental delay (OR 2·20). According to model fitness tests, presenting symptoms were more likely to predict severe influenza than underlying medical conditions. However, both are important risk factors. Recognition of clinical characteristics associated with severe disease can be used for triaging case management of children during future influenza outbreaks.


Assuntos
Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/epidemiologia , Influenza Humana/patologia , Pandemias , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Influenza Humana/virologia , Masculino , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Texas/epidemiologia
5.
Epidemiol Infect ; 142(7): 1476-85, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24093635

RESUMO

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding rabies in Bohol, Philippines were assessed following introduction of the Bohol Rabies Prevention and Elimination Programme. A cross-sectional questionnaire was administered to 460 households chosen utilizing the WHO's Expanded Programme on Immunization coverage cluster survey technique with population proportionate to size. Scores for KAP were evaluated using linear regression. The majority of households had heard of rabies (94%); however, specific knowledge of rabies was limited. Only 18% knew to report a suspected rabid dog to the authorities. In multivariate analyses, having known someone with rabies had the greatest effect on knowledge scores. Employment (professional or non-professional) had the greatest effect on attitudes scores, and only the knowledge score was significantly associated with higher practices scores. Several factors, notably, personal experience with rabies, affect KAP in Bohol. The programme should continue to focus on education and include personal accounts to underscore why rabies prevention and control is so important.


Assuntos
Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Raiva/prevenção & controle , Raiva/psicologia , Zoonoses/prevenção & controle , Zoonoses/psicologia , Adulto , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Filipinas/epidemiologia , Raiva/epidemiologia , Raiva/transmissão , Inquéritos e Questionários , Zoonoses/epidemiologia , Zoonoses/transmissão
6.
Epidemiol Infect ; 139(6): 807-17, 2011 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21342610

RESUMO

West Nile virus (WNV) is now endemic in the USA. After the widespread surge of virus activity across the USA, research has flourished, and our knowledge base has significantly expanded over the past 10 years since WNV was first recognized in New York City. This article provides a review of the virology of WNV, history, epidemiology, clinical features, pathology of infection, the innate and adaptive immune response, host risk factors for developing severe disease, clinical sequelae following severe disease, chronic infection, and the future of prevention.


Assuntos
Febre do Nilo Ocidental/virologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental , Animais , Culicidae/virologia , Humanos , Imunidade Humoral/imunologia , Fatores de Risco , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/diagnóstico , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/patologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/prevenção & controle , Vacinas contra o Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/uso terapêutico , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/fisiologia
7.
Zoonoses Public Health ; 56(6-7): 370-5, 2009 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19175570

RESUMO

We conducted a case-control study to determine risk factors for developing encephalitis among West Nile virus cases when compared with age-, gender and race/ethnicity-matched hospitalized controls. In the multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis, we identified the following independent risk factors associated with being an encephalitis case: hypertension (OR 4.0; P = 0.005), immunosuppressing conditions (OR 5.6; P = 0.001) and cardiovascular disease (OR = 28.3; P < 0.001). Individuals with these comorbidities should be targeted for education on protecting themselves from mosquito exposures.


Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Encefalite/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco
8.
Zoonoses Public Health ; 55(8-10): 443-7, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18399945

RESUMO

We conducted a study to determine whether juvenile stray dogs could be sentinels for West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance. Seroconversion was detected 6 weeks before the first reported human case. Our findings provide evidence that dogs could be useful sentinels for monitoring areas for evidence of WNV during transmission seasons.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças do Cão/transmissão , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/transmissão , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/veterinária , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia , Zoonoses , Animais , Animais Domésticos , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Animais Selvagens/virologia , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estações do Ano , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela/veterinária , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Texas/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia
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