[Mechanisms of steroid osteoporosis development in patients with hormone-dependent bronchial asthma]. / Mekhanizmy razvitiia steroidnogo osteoporoza u bol'nykh gormonal'nozavisimoi bronkhial'noi astmoi.

AIM: To examine mechanisms of steroid osteoporosis development in patients with hormone-dependent bronchial asthma (BA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The trial included 73 patients with hormone-dependent BA, 19 BA patients who have never taken oral steroid hormones and 15 healthy subjects. RESULTS: By computed tomography of the lumbar spine, bone tissue density in steroid-dependent BA was significantly decreased vs BA patients who were not treated with steroids. Osteopenia was discovered in 61.9% of the examinees who have received oral glucocorticoids. Development of osteopenia in this case was not dependent of the steroids dose and duration of the treatment. Patients with hormone-dependent BA vs healthy subjects had higher 24-h urine calcium excretion, normal levels of parathyroid hormones, calcitonin, low concentrations of 25-oxyvitamin D3, osteocalcin in the serum. Three subgroups of patients with osteopenia were identified according to the statistics: with prevalent resorption of bone tissues (24.1%), with low concentrations of vitamin D3 and osteocalcin (52.6%), with highly active resorption in combination with low vitamin D3 and weak function of osteoblasts (23.3%). CONCLUSION: Mechanisms of steroid osteoporosis development are heterogeneous. This should be considered in its treatment.

[Therapeutic potential of glucocorticoids inhalation in bronchial asthma]. / Terapevticheskie vozmozhnosti ingaliatsionnykh gliukokortikoidov pri bronkhial'noi astme.

AIM: To assess effectiveness and safety of inhalation glucocorticoids (budesonide, beklometasone dipropionate) in bronchial asthma (BA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: 19 BA patients (8 males and 11 females) inhaled glucocorticoids for 9 months. RESULTS: The treatment reduced the need in inhalation of short-acting beta-2-adrenomimetics, episodes of asphyxia occurred less frequently. A significant improvement of bronchial permeability was achieved only after 3 months of therapy. Blood levels of hydrocortisone, concentrations of magnesium, calcium and potassium in the serum, red cells and 24-h urine, serum osteocalcin, lumbar vertebral tissue density 3, 6 and 9 months after the treatment start were almost similar to the baseline. CONCLUSION: Glucocorticoids for inhalation are clinically effective in BA. They should be used for not less than 3 months. Topical steroids in mean therapeutic doses had no negative effects on the levels of hydrocortisone, mineral metabolism and bone tissue.

[Efficiency of calcium and vitamin D3 in the treatment of steroid osteoporosis in patients with hormone dependent bronchial asthma]. / Effektivnost' kal'tsiia i vitamina D3 v lechenii steroidnogo osteoporoza u bol'nykh gormonozavisimoi bronchial'noi astmoi.

AIM: To study effects of calcium (1000 mg/day) and vitamin D3 (Calcium-D3 Nikomed, 400 IN/day) in the treatment of steroid osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Calcium-D3 Nikomed was used in combined treatment of 20 patients with hormone-dependent bronchial asthma (BA) receiving glucocorticoid tablets in daily dose 5-40 mg (prednisolone calculation), mean dose 20.4 mg. Density of bone tissue was measured by CT of the lumbar spine (L2-L4), concentrations of osteocalcine and 25 (OH) vitamin D3--by radioimmunoassay, serum and 24-h urine calcium--by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and selective ionometry. RESULTS: Calcium-D3 Nikomed intake for 6 months (2 tablets a day) resulted in decline of ossalgia, inhibition of bone tissue density loss, elevation of D3 vitamin 25 (OH) concentration in blood serum. Concentrations of osteocalcine, blood and 24-h urine calcium were close to the baseline. Therapeutic effect of physiological doses of vitamin D3 may be due to normalization of cholecalcipherol metabolism, activation of calcium intestinal absorption and suppression of bone resorption entailed by long-term administration of glucocorticoid tablets. CONCLUSION: High clinical efficiency and absence of side effects recommend calcium-D3 Nikomed for management of steroid osteoporosis in patients with hormone-dependent bronchial asthma.

[The modelling of mandibular osteomyelitis]. / Modelirovanie osteomielita nizhnei cheliusti.

The method suggested by the authors permits a reliable reproduction of mandibular osteomyelitis in white rats. The primary localization and pattern of the infectious process in this model well correspond to odontogenic osteomyelitis, this permitting a preclinical study of new drugs and physiotherapeutic methods intended for patients with odontogenic diseases.

[X-ray diagnosis of complications of purulent processes in the wrist]. / K rentgenodiagnostike oslozhnenii gnoinykh protsessov kisti.

To reveal the spreading of a purulent process to the antebrachial fatty spaces a study was made of an x-ray picture of soft tissues of the radiocarpal articulation and the forearm distal half in 126 patients with hand paronychia and phlegmon. In 24 of 95 patients with an unclear clinical picture of purulent discharge, typical x-ray symptoms of changes in soft tissues of the distal third of the forearm were found: typical deformity of fatty spaces with its distinct dynamics with relation to a stage of development of a pathological process. X-ray investigation permits the recognition of complications in hand purulent processes in order to take necessary therapeutic measures.

[Complex diagnosis of stomach polyps]. / Kompleksnaia diagnostika polipov zheludka.

130 patients suffering from gastric polyps were examined; in 22 cases, malignancies were detected. According to the results of endoscopic and X-ray examination, malignant transformation of gastric polyps does not produce pathognomonic symptoms. It was found that the nature of polyps cannot be properly identified unless, at least, three or four roentgenologic and endoscopic symptoms are considered. Each procedure has proved to be of high diagnostic value. Correct diagnosis was established in 92.5% of cases following the complex application of X-ray and endoscopic methods and in 100% when it was supplemented with cytological examination. These findings suggest a complex application of the said diagnostic procedures.

[Clinical evaluation of the spherical transformation sign in metastatic and degenerative changes in the lymph nodes of uterine cancer patients]. / Klinicheskaia otsenka priznaka sfericheskoi transformatsii pri metastaticheskikh i degenerativnykh izmeneniiakh limfaticheskikh uzlov u bol'nykh rakom matki.

The work is concerned with a clinical assessment of the spheric transformation sign in the differential diagnosis of metastatic and degenerative changes in lymph nodes of cervical cancer patients. The value of the projection index was checked in a retrospective analysis of 45 lymphograms in patients with histologically proved cancer metastases, fibrous-fat degeneration and in those without any pathological changes. The studies performed indicated a somewhat limited value of the projection index, since its precision proved to be 56.8%. In the practical work the projection index may serve but as an adjunct in assessment of lymphograms and only in combination with other roentgenological signs of the lymph node involvement.

[Potentials of pneumomediastinography in precisely determining the degree of esophageal cancer spread]. / Vozmozhnosti pnevmomediastinografii v utochnenii stepeni rasprostraneniia raka pishchevoda.

The data presented evidence that parietography is a valuable adjunct to routine roentgenological examination. One of the most complicated problems to be solved by this technic is whether the tumor invaded the adjacent structures, and also its relation to the surrounding tissues and mediastinal organs.

[Clinical and x-ray aspects of the diagnosis of multiple primary malignant tumors of the colon]. / Klinicheskie i rentgenologicheskie aspekty diagnostiki pervichno-mnozhestvennykh zlokachestvennykh opukholei obodochnoi kishki.

On the grounds of the study of 78 cases with malignant tumors of the colon it has been found that multiple cancer of the colon and rectum has no specific clinical picture- the fact which hinders the diagnosis of this condition. As there is a possibility of the metachronic development of the colon multiple tumors it should be recommended to keep all the patients operated upon for a neoplasm of this organ under a continuous dispensary observation.

[Clinical x-ray and fibergastroscopic comparisons in the diagnosis of different forms of stomach cancer growth]. / Kliniko-rentgenologichekie i fibrogastroskopicheskie sopostavleniia v dianostike razlichnykh form rosta raka zheludka.

A radiological examination associated with fibergastroscopy was performed in 145 gastric cancer patients. All these patients were radically operated upon--extremely subtotal resection of the stomach was accomplished. The preoperative diagnosis of gastric cancer with both technics used simultaneously proved to be correct in 96.55%. However, the anatomical and ulcerous-infiltrative growth, especially in their cardiac and subcardiac localization are found to present the greatest diagnostic difficulties. The data obtained made it possible to believe that the detailed diagnosis of gastric cancer should comprise two steps--a radiological examination and fibergastroscopy.

[Celiacography in the diagnosis of stomach cancer]. / Tseliakografiia v diagnostike raka zheludka.

Selective celiacography after the Seldinger technic was performed in 24 patients with stomach pathology (cancer, ulcer, leiomyoma, cicatricial deformation of the stomach). Angiographic symptoms in gastric cancer are found to be mostly similar with those in ulcer and an inflammatory process. Celiacography fails to form an adequately precise judgement on the degree of gastric cancer local speed.

[Metastases of esophageal cancer to the bones]. / Metastazy raka pishchevoda v kosti

The data reported support the idea on possible hematogenic metastases spread in esophageal cancer, especially in bones (in 5 of 209 examined patients). Clinical and roentgenological findings of esophageal cancer metastases in bones do not differ from the manifestations of osteolytic metastases in bones of malignant tumors of other localizations. Timely recognition of distant metastases in esophageal cancer seems to be important from the point of view of selecting the most rational and warranted method of treatment.