Technique Description and Outcomes of Robotic Transvaginal-Assisted Living Donor Kidney Transplantation.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe the surgical technique of totally robotic kidney transplantation with transvaginal insertion and to assess its safety and feasibility. METHODS: It is a prospective analysis of the first 5 cases of robotic kidney transplantation with transvaginal insertion. Robotic-assisted kidney transplantation was performed after transvaginal insertion of a living donor kidney graft. Donor's and recipient's characteristics, intraoperative variables, postoperative complications, and surgical outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: The median operative time was 220 min. Mean rewarming ischemia time of 53 min, with immediate diuresis. No intraoperative complications were observed. Mean hospitalization period was 9 days, with mean Cr of 1.5 mg/dL at discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic kidney transplantation with transvaginal insertion is feasible and safe. A greater number of procedures are required to confirm the results of this new technique.

Renal cell carcinoma and COVID-19 pandemia: Management strategies adapted to current practice. / Pandemia Covid-19 y cáncer renal: implicaciones y adaptación para un manejo óptimo de la enfermedad.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused an important health impact that has affected renal cell carcinoma management, among other urology areas. The high cancellation rate of surgeries, including those related to renal cancer, will cause an inevitable healthcare overload and probably a potential negative impact on its oncological outcomes, especially in locally advanced and metastatic renal cancer. Kidney cancer scenarios are quite different depending on their stage, distinguishing mainly between low priority of localized disease or high priority of locally advanced and metastatic under active treatment. The unknown pandemic duration and possibly fluctuating prevalence of the virus are likely to force an adaptation in the management of renal cell carcinoma among urology and oncology departments, ideally individualized ona case-by-case basis within multidisciplinary units. To this end, we present algorithms and tables regarding renal cell carcinoma management adapted to the COVID-19 period and stratified according to oncological stage, which might be useful for specialists dedicated to this uro-oncology area.

La pandemia COVID-19 causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 ha provocado un importante impacto sanitario que ha afectado, entre otras áreas de la urología, al manejo del cáncer renal, tanto en su ámbito diagnóstico como de tratamiento. La elevada suspensión de intervenciones quirúrgicas, incluidas aquellas destinadas al tratamiento de esta patología, ocasionará una inevitable sobrecarga asistencial y quizá un potencial efecto deletéreo sobre sus resultados oncológicos, en especial en el cáncer renal localmente avanzado y en el metastásico. Los escenarios clínicos del carcinoma de células renales son bien distintos en función de su estadiaje, distinguiendo principalmente entre la baja prioridad de la enfermedad localizada o la alta prioridad del localmente avanzado y el metastásico en tratamiento activo. La duraciónin determinada y prevalencia posiblemente oscilante de la pandemia previsiblemente obligue a adaptar el manejo del cáncer renal en los servicios de urología y oncología, debiendo ser idealmente invidualizados según cada caso en el seno de unidades multidisciplinares. Para ello, se presentan algoritmos y tablas de manejo del cáncer renal adaptadas al periodo COVID-19 y estratificados según el estadio de la enfermedad, que puedan ser de utilidad para los especialistas dedicados a esta área de la uro-oncología.

Pandemia Covid-19 y cáncer renal: implicaciones y adaptación para un manejo óptimo de la enfermedad / Renal cell carcinoma and COVID-19 pandemia: Management strategies adapted to current practice

La pandemia COVID-19 causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 ha provocado un importante impacto sanitario que ha afectado, entre otras áreas de la urología, al manejo del cáncer renal, tanto en su ámbito diagnóstico como de tratamiento. La elevada suspensión de intervenciones quirúrgicas, incluidas aquellas destinadas al tratamiento de esta patología, ocasionará una inevitable sobrecarga asistencial y quizá un potencial efecto deletéreo sobre sus resultados oncológicos, en especial en el cáncer renal localmente avanzado y en el metastásico. Los escenarios clínicos del carcinoma de células renales son bien distintos en función de su estadiaje, distinguiendo principalmente entre la baja prioridad de la enfermedad localizada o la alta prioridad del localmente avanzado y el metastásico en tratamiento activo. La duraciónin determinada y prevalencia posiblemente oscilante de la pandemia previsiblemente obligue a adaptar el manejo del cáncer renal en los servicios de urología y oncología, debiendo ser idealmente invidualizados según cada caso en el seno de unidades multidisciplinares. Para ello, se presentan algoritmos y tablas de manejo del cáncer renal adaptadas al periodo COVID-19 y estratificados según el estadio de la enfermedad, que puedan ser de utilidad para los especialistas dedicados a esta área de la uro-oncología

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused an important health impact that has affected renal cell carcinoma management, among other urology areas. The high cancellation rate of surgeries, including those related to renal cancer, will cause an inevitable healthcare overload and probably a potential negative impact on its oncological outcomes, especially in locally advanced and metastatic renal cancer. Kidney cancer scenarios are quite different depending on their stage, distinguishing mainly between low priority of localized disease or high priority of locally advanced and metastatic under active treatment. The unknown pandemic duration and possibly fluctuating prevalence of the virus are likely to force an adaptation in the management of renal cell carcinoma among urology and oncology departments, ideally individualized on a case-by-case basis within multidisciplinary units. To this end, we present algorithms and tables regarding renal cell carcinoma management adapted to the COVID-19 period and stratified according to oncological stage, which might be useful for specialists dedicated to this uro-oncology area

Metastasis of gastric carcinoma simulating a urothelial tumor. Case report and review of the literature.

OBJECTIVE: To review two cases with the diagnostic suspicion of urinary tract tumor by clinical picture and imaging tests in which pathology of the surgical specimen revealed metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: 82 and 68 year-old patients with past history of gastric adenocarcinoma that had undergone surgical treatment 6 months and 6 years before urology consultation,respectively. They were diagnosed upper urinary tract tumors by CT scan. RESULTS: Definitive pathologic diagnosis of urinary tract metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma was obtained after radical surgery in both cases. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and radiologic presentation of urothelial metastases of gastric adenocarcinoma may simulate de novo urothelial tumors. Evolution in these patients is usually bad although we currently don't have enough information to issue a therapeutic guide to follow.

Metástasis de carcinoma gástrico simulando tumor urotelial. Presentación de dos casos clínicos y revisión de la literatura / Metastasis of gastric carcinoma simulating a urothelial tumor. Case report and review of the literature

OBJETIVO: Revisión de dos casos de pacientes con sospecha diagnóstica de tumor de vías por clínica y pruebas de imagen que la anatomía patológica de la pieza quirúrgica reveló una metástasis de adenocarcinoma gástrico. MÉTODO: Pacientes de 82 y 68 años respectivamente con antecedentes de adenocarcinoma gástrico tratados quirúrgicamente 6 meses y 6 años antes de acudir a nuestra consulta, en la que fueron diagnosticados por TAC de tumor de vías urinarias altas. RESULTADO: Tras cirugía radical en ambos casos, se hace el diagnótico patológico definitivo de metástasis de adenocarcinoma gástrico en la vía urinária. CONCLUSIONES: La presentación clínica y radiológica de una metástasis urotelial de adenocarcinoma gástrico puede simular un tumor urotelial de novo. La evolución de estos pacientes suele ser mala aunque no disponemos en la actualidad de suficiente información para emitir una conducta terapéutica a seguir (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To review two cases with the diagnostic suspicion of urinary tract tumor by clinical picture and imaging tests in which pathology of the surgical specimen revealed metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS: 82 and 68 year-old patients with past history of gastric adenocarcinoma that had undergone surgical treatment 6 months and 6 years before urology consultation, respectively. They were diagnosed upper urinary tract tumors by CT scan. RESULTS: Definitive pathologic diagnosis of urinary tract metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma was obtained after radical surgery in both cases. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical and radiologic presentation of urothelial metastases of gastric adenocarcinoma may simulate de novo urothelial tumors. Evolution in these patients is usually bad although we currently don`t have enough information to issue a therapeutic guide to follow (AU)

[Surgical aspects of living-donor kidney transplantation]. / Aspectos quirúrgicos de la donación de vivo.

Laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy has shown less morbidity than the open approach, with less pain and analgesia requirements and allowing a quicker recovery and an earlier return to normal activity. Furthermore, many studies have shown equivalent results between both approaches in terms of graft functions and recipient complications. For these reasons, we can accept laparoscopic kidney living donor nephrectomy as the gold standard surgical technique in these patients. The implementation of this minimally invasive technique in most centers has led to an increase in the rate of this kind of organ procurement, due to its better acceptance by the donors. In order to decide which kidney is better to extract, it is mandatory to maintain the best kidney in the donor. In case equal conditions, it is advisable to perform left nephrectomy.

Aspectos quirúrgicos de la donación de vivo / Surgical aspects of living-donor kidney transplantation

La nefrectomía de donant e vivo por laparoscopia ha demostrado una menor morbilidad sobre el donante comparada con la cirugía a cielo abierto clásica, disminuyendo el dolor y la necesidad de analgesia y permitiendo una recuperación más rápida de los donantes. Los diversos estudios que han comparado las técnicas de extracción renal abierta y laparoscópica demuestran que los resultados funcionales del injerto en el receptor son equivalentes, por lo que podemos afirmar que la nefrectomía por laparoscopia es el «gold» estándar para la donación de vivo en cent ros especializados. Por otro lado, gracias a la introducción de este tipo de cirugía mínimamente invasiva, la donación de vivo ha experimentado un gran incremento en los últimos años, por su mejor aceptación y sus ventajas respecto a la cirugía abierta. A la hora de tomar la decisión de qué riñón extraer, es mandatorio mantener el riñón de mejores características en el donante. En igualdad de condiciones y con una vascularización similar, se prefiere la realización de la nefrectomía izquierda (AU)

Laparoscopic living donor nephrect omy has show n less morbidit y t han t he open approach, w it h less pain and analgesia requirements and allow ing a quicker recovery and an earlier ret urn t o normal act ivit y. Furt hermore, many studies have show n equivalent result s between bot h approaches in t erms of graf t f unct ion and recipient complicat ions. For these reasons, we can accept laparoscopic kidney living donor nephrectomy as the gold standard surgical technique in these patients. The implementation of this minimally invasive technique in most centers has led to an increase in the rate of this kind of organ procurement, due to its better acceptance by the donors. In order to decide which kidney is better to extract, it is mandatory to maintain the best kidney in the donor. In equal conditions, it is advisable to perform left nephrectomy (AU)

[Determination of P53 in infiltrative primary bladder tumors as a prognostic factor for understaging]. / La determinación de p53 en tumor vesical primario infiltrante como factor pronóstico de subestadiaje.

OBJECTIVES: To determine if p53 expression in patients with infiltrative bladder cancer is a prognostic factor on clinical staging and cancer specific survival. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 in 34 patients (33 males and 1 female) undergoing radical cystectomy for infiltrative bladder cancer, with a mean follow-up of 16 months. RESULTS: p53 overexpression was detected in 18 patients (64%). In the p53 positive group two patients were stage T1G3, 18 patients T2, 1 patient T3, and 2 patients T4. In the negative group a better correspondence between TUR and cystectomy stage was found, with stage worsening only in 3 patients. On follow-up, p53 positive patients showed worse outcomes due to their worse stages, although no statistical differences were found (p = 0.24). In the group of patients following a bladder sparing protocol (n = 6), p53 negative patients had complete remission of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: We see significant differences on understaging/more aggressive local outcome in p53 positive patients, with no greater mortality in this group. P53 expression does not contraindicate the inclusion of a patient in a bladder sparing protocol, although larger studies would be necessary to confirm these results.

La determinación de P53 en tumor vesical primario infiltrante como factor pronóstico de subestadiaje / Determination of P53 in infiltrative primary bladder tumors as a prognostic factor for understaging

OBJETIVO: Determinar si la expresión de p53 en pacientes con carcinoma vesical infiltrante tiene valor pronóstico en el estadiaje clínico y supervivencia del tumor.MÉTODOS: El análisis inmunohistoquímico de p53 se realizó en 34 pacientes (33 hombres y 1 mujer) tratadoscon cistectomía por carcinoma vesical infiltrante con seguimiento medio de 16 meses.RESULTADOS: Se detectó sobreexpresión de p53 en 18 pacientes (64%). En el grupo con positividad p53 se encontraron 2 pacientes con estadio T1G3, 18 pacientesT2, 1 paciente T3 y 2 pacientes T4. En el grupo con negatividad inmunohistoquímica se encontró una mejor correspondencia entre el estadiaje de la RTU y de la cistectomíaencontrándose empeoramiento del estadio en solo 3 pacientes. Tras el seguimiento los pacientes p53 positivos presentaron peor evolución al tener peor estadio,aunque no significativa estadísticamente (p 0,24). En los pacientes que pasaron a protocolo de conservaciónvesical (n=6), los p53 negativos experimentaron una remisión completa de la enfermedad.CONCLUSIONES: Observamos una diferencia significativade infraestadiaje/evolución local más agresiva en pacientes p53 positivos y no mayor mortalidad en este grupo. La expresión de p53 no contraindica la entrada de un paciente en protocolo de conservación vesical aunque serán necesarios estudios más amplios para confirmar estos resultados

OBJECTIVES: To determine if p53 expression in patients with infiltrative bladder cancer is a prognostic factor on clinical staging and cancer specific survival. METHODS: Immunohistochemical analysis of p53 in 34 patients (33 males and 1 female) undergoing radical cystectomy for infiltrative bladder cancer, with a mean follow-up of 16 months. RESULTS: p53 overexpression was detected in 18 patients (64%). In the p53 positive group two patients were stage T1G3, 18 patients T2, 1 patient T3, and 2 patients T4. In the negative group a better correspondence between TUR and cystectomy stage was found, with stage worsening only in 3 patients. On follow-up, p53 positive patients showed worse outcomes due to their worse stages, although no statistical differences were found (p = 0.24). In the group of patients following a bladder sparing protocol (n = 6), p53 negative patients had complete remission of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: We see significant differences on understaging/more aggressive local outcome in p53 positive patients, with no greater mortality in this group. P53 expression does not contraindicate the inclusion of a patient in a bladder sparing protocol, although larger studies would be necessary to confirm these results

Acute bacterial prostatitis: two different sub-categories according to a previous manipulation of the lower urinary tract.

Acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) (NIH Category I), has not undergone any modification in the update of prostatitis classification. ABP was diagnosed in 614 patients in our centre over 9 years (1993-2001). We analyse the clinical pattern of ABP and the role of bladder outlet obstruction in its etiology, as well as whether two different ABP sub-categories could be defined as a function of a history of previous manipulation of the lower urinary tract. The results of the study show that the clinical pattern of a patient suffering from ABP does not differ from the statements of previous publications. On the other hand, patients with ABP have been shown to present with no bladder outlet obstruction. Finally, this study has disclosed the fact that the cases of ABP elicited by previous manipulation of the lower urinary tract (10%) show a different pattern from those cases where no previous manipulation has occurred (90%). The patients with ABP secondary to manipulation are older, have a higher risk of prostate abscess and higher frequency of multiple infections and also infections by pathogens other than Escherichia coli. Due to all of these reasons, it would be advisable to subdivide category I within the classification of prostatitis.