Radiographic and functional outcome of complex acetabular fractures: implications of open reduction in spinopelvic balance, gait and quality of life.

Aim To investigate the effects of surgical reduction of complex acetabular fractures on spine balance, postural stability and quality of life. Methods Twenty-six patients with acetabular fractures surgically treated by open reduction and internal fixation were divided into two groups according to the amount of reduction. Group A consisted of 18 patients with satisfactory reduction (≤2 mm), and group B of eight patients with incomplete reduction (>2 mm). Functional outcome was measured with Harris Hip Score (HHS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Short Form (12) Health Survey (SF12). Radiological parameters were assessed with standing whole spine, pelvis and hip X-rays, including pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Follow-up intervals were 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and annually thereafter. Gait analysis and baropodometry were performed after 24 months of operation. Results Mean HHS, ODI, and SF-12 was improved during the first postoperative year in both groups. After two years average scores kept improving for group A, but worsened for group B. Mean PI, PT, and SS increased in both groups during the first postoperative year, with further increase after two years only in group B. After two years, 16 (89%) patients in group A and four (50%) in group B had a balanced spine (SVA <50 mm). Gait analysis and baropodometry showed greater imbalance and overload for group B compared to group A. Conclusion In the long term, incomplete reduction of associated acetabular fractures may lead to poor outcome because of secondary spinopelvic imbalance, with posture and gait impairment.

A rare association of ganglioglioma and cavernous malformation: Report of two cases and literature review.

BACKGROUND: Some glial tumors have been observed in association with different types of vascular malformations of the brain (angiogliomas). However, the association of ganglioglioma with other vascular malformations is extremely rare, with only few cases reported in the literature, one of which is referred to as "angioganglioglioma." CASE DESCRIPTION: Two patients presented with acute onset of neurological symptoms, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) finding of cavernoma of the left middle cerebellar penduncle, and small mass of the chiasmatic region, respectively. After microsurgical excision, histopathological examination revealed mixed ganglioglioma and cavernous malformation in both cases. Postoperative course was uneventful, and follow-up MRI showed complete removal of the tumor with no recurrence after 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Angiogliomas are very uncommon tumors. In literature, we found different interpretations of such lesions, although they should most probably be considered as distinct pathological entities. Although the association of ganglioglioma with cavernoma is extremely rare, it could be considered as a most peculiar form of angioglioma, and supports the existence of angioganglioglioma.

Dynamic corset versus three-point brace in the treatment of osteoporotic compression fractures of the thoracic and lumbar spine: a prospective, comparative study.

BACKGROUND: The three-point orthosis is the most commonly used brace in the conservative treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The Spinomed® dynamic orthosis represents an alternative. AIMS: We compared efficacy and safety of these two types of brace in treating osteoporotic vertebral fractures. METHODS: One hundred forty patients, aged 65-93 years, sustaining osteoporotic vertebral fracture were consecutively recruited and divided into two groups, and treated with either three-point orthosis or dynamic corset. Patients were evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale, Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, and measurement of forced expiratory volume in the first second. Regional kyphosis angle, Delmas Index, and height of the fractured vertebral body were also measured on full-spine X-rays. Follow-up intervals were 1, 3, and 6 months after trauma. The complications encountered during the 6-month follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: At the 3- and 6-month follow-ups, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in pain, disability, and respiration in favor of the dynamic orthosis group. At 6-month follow-up, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in all the radiological parameters between groups. Complications were reported for 28 patients in the three-point orthosis group, and for eight patients in the dynamic corset group (p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: Biofeedback activation of back muscles is probably a key factor in improving functional outcome with dynamic orthosis. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to three-point orthosis, patients treated with dynamic orthosis had a greater reduction in pain and a greater improvement in quality of life and respiratory function, with equal effectiveness in stabilizing the fracture, and fewer complications.

Complete loop of the posterior cerebral artery with ruptured aneurysm at the origin of the medial posterior choroidal artery. A case report.

BACKGROUND: Anatomical anomalies of the PCA are unusual and their association with an aneurysm is exceptional. A unique case of a complete loop of the posterior cerebral artery associated with a ruptured aneurysm is presented. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 69-year-old woman with a subarachnoid hemorrhage in World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade IV was diagnosed with a loop of the right PCA with an aneurysm at the apex of the loop. At surgery, the aneurysm was found to arise at the origin of the MPChA and it was clipped. Three months later, after improving to Glasgow Outcome Scale 3, the patient died of unrelated cause. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, a complete loop of the PCA associated with an aneurysm at the origin of the MPChA has never been described. Microneurosurgical approach via subtemporal craniotomy was safe and effective in displaying the anomalous anatomy and allowing perfect clipping of the aneurysm.

Microsurgery for recurrent lumbar disk herniation at the same level and side: do patients fare worse? Experience with 95 consecutive cases.

BACKGROUND: In reviewing our experience with reoperation of RLDH, our aim was mainly to determine whether patients fared worse than after primary surgery. We found no uniform answers to this question in the literature. METHODS: The data of 95 patients (29 women and 66 men) who underwent reoperation for RLDH at the same level and side were analyzed retrospectively. Forty-two patients underwent the first operation in our clinic (recurrence rate, 2.6% of 1586 cases). Gadolinium-enhanced MRI was performed in all patients. Main clinical data of patients, pain-free interval, operation time, surgical complications, duration of hospital stay, and clinical improvement rate were recorded. RESULTS: The mean pain-free interval was 55 months (range, 3-120 months). Levels of recurrent herniation were L4 through L5 and L5 through S1 (65% and 35% of cases, respectively). Revision surgery lasted longer on average than the previous diskectomy (P < .01) and was complicated by dural tear in 4 cases (4.2% vs 0.9% during primary diskectomy, P < .05). There were no significant differences between revision and previous surgery in terms of hospital stay. However, rates of excellent/good outcomes were significantly less for RLDH (89% vs 95%, P < .05); and the percentage of poor results was higher (2% vs 0.5%, P < .05). Age, sex, smoking, profession, trauma, level and degree of herniation, and pain-free interval were not correlated with clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: Conventional microsurgery for RLDH showed lightly but significantly worse results than those of primary microdiskectomy. Patients contemplating reoperation should be informed of this fact and of the risk of dural tear and prolonged operation time.