Oral lichen planus in children: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND:  Oral Lichen Planus is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. The prevalence in adults ranges between 0.5% and 2%, while in children is reported to be about 0,03%. Clinical features of Oral Lichen Planus could be variable in both adults and children, ranging from painless white hyperkeratotic lesions to painful erythematous atrophic ones. Actually, there are no systematic reviews in the literature on OLP in children, whereby this paper aims to summarize all the pathophysiological aspects and identify all cases described in the literature of Oral Lichen Planus in children, reporting their clinical characteristics. MATERIAL AND METHODS:  A systematic review of the literature was performed in online databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, EMBASE. In addition, in order to identify reports not otherwise identifiable, an analysis of the gray literature was performed on google scholar and in Open Gray. RESULTS:  By literature analysis, it emerged that most cases were reported from India. The mean age at time of diagnosis of the disease was 11 years, ranging from 3 to 17 years. The most frequent pattern was the reticular pattern followed by plaque-like, erosive, atrophic, sclerosus, and bullous. The buccal mucosa was the most involved oral site, followed by the tongue, lips and gingiva. CONCLUSIONS: Although Oral Lichen Planus in children is rare, it may cause oral discomfort and need to be differentiated from other oral white lesions and/or chronic ulcers.

New 3D printed polymers in orthodontics: a scoping review.

AIM: The aim of this scoping review is to assess the application of new 3D printed polymeric materials in orthodontics, including polyamide-12 (PA-12) and Shape Memory Polymers (SMPs). METHODS: A search for articles published until January 2023 was carried out using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Lilacs, Opengrey, Embase and Cochrane Library databases and by applying the search terms (orthodontic* OR paediatric* OR paedodontic*) AND ("3D printed" OR "three-dimensional printed") AND (polymer* OR material* OR resin* OR technopolymer*). Additional records were also screened through hand or electronic search. No restriction in terms of language or publication period was applied. CONCLUSION: Due to their mechanical, aesthetic and biocompatibility characteristics, PA12 and SMPs can be used in orthodontic practice. However, additional studies should be performed to evaluate the clinical efficiency of these recent materials.

Immunological studies in breast cancer. Modifying activity of the serum (MSA).

Cancer patients' sera can modify results obtained with cell mediated immune reactions in vitro. We have investigated the modifying activity of breast cancer patients' sera on the inhibition elicited in a leukocyte migration inhibition test with two cellular extracts of breast cancer hepatic metastases (CaMa Hu-2 and CaMa Hu-3). These extracts elicited positive delayed hypersensitivity reactions in vivo in 80% of the patients studied with at least one of the two preparations, and 40% of the patients showed positive results with both preparations. In vitro similar quantitative results were obtained with the leukocyte migration inhibition test. With these antigenic extracts significant statistical differences were obtained between the cancer group compared to the controls with benign breast lesions (p < 0.01) and to the normal controls (p < 0.001). The modifying activity of the sera (MSA) showed three effects: blocking , potentiation and induction of inhibition of leukocyte migration in vitro in 80% of samples of sera tested. Blocking activity was associated mainly with not too advanced clinical stages, while potentiation and induction effects were associated with more advanced clinical stages. These MSA may be explained by assumed presence of tumor antigenic material, antibodies and immune complexes in breast cancer patients' sera.