Analysis of Natural Antibodies during the Development of Phantom Pain Syndrome.

We determined natural antibodies (n-Abs) to the regulators of the main systems of biochemical homeostasis: ß-endorphin, serotonin, dopamine, histamine, orphanin, angiotensin, GABA, glutamate, bradykinin, vasopressin, thrombin, and α-2-macroglobulin in individuals with phantom pain syndrome (PPS), resulting from amputation after injury. It was established that each patient has an individual immunoprofile, but for all of them there was a significant increase in the level of antibodies to serotonin, histamine, and angiotensin, which reflect the chronicity of the pain syndrome and do not depend on the self-assessment of the severity of PPS. Determination of the role of regulators of biochemical homeostasis in the development of phantom pain showed that, at high, moderate, and weak severity of PPS, the biogenic amine and angiotensinergic systems are activated. A decrease in PPS intensity normalizes deviations in all immunological parameters. The levels of n-Abs for the pain (ß-endorphin) and analgesic (orphanin) systems are significant only at low PPS. Monitoring the individual profile of n-Abs to endogenous regulators allows us to obtain an objective picture of the pain status of the patient's body.

Comparative Determination of Natural Antibodies for the Assessment of the Cardiovascular System and the Level of Human Difficulty.

A comparative analysis of natural antibodies to ß-endorphin, angiotensin, dopamine, serotonin, parameters of the cardiovascular system and anxiety levels was carried out for 241 athletes of various qualifications and sports. The obtained indicators of the cardiovascular system were compared with reference values. A significant increase in the level of natural antibodies to angiotensin was established for all groups of athletes. In the case of dopamine, serotonin, these differences are associated with the qualification of the athlete, for ß-endorphin, differences in the level of the indicator depending on the sport were found. A group of individuals with high levels of situational and personal anxiety was found among highly qualified athletes. An increase in blood pressure in athletes of cyclic sports and martial arts is adaptive, and in athletes of speed-strength sports it leads to a change in the walls of the myocardium. As a result of the study, the possibility of a comprehensive determination of natural antibodies and functional indicators as diagnostic markers for assessing the state of the human cardiovascular system has been shown.

Analysis of Immunobiochemical Parameters in Overweight People in Assessing the Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases.

A comparative analysis of specific immunobiochemical parameters, including natural antibodies (NAb) to endogenous regulators of the cardiovascular system, adrenal and gastrointestinal hormones, was performed in students aged 18-22 years with normal and increased body weight (the body mass index from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 and from 25 to 29.9 kg/m2, respectively). The serum content of NAb and hormones was determined by ELISA. The level of the studied indicators depended on the body mass index value. In overweight subjects, the main immune indicators of the biogenic amine system, renin-angiotensin system, and kinin system exceeded the normal. The cortisol level was higher than in subjects with normal body weight. Aldosterone secretion was less dependent on the ACTH content and was lower than in students with normal body weight. The content of cholecystokinin and gastrin corresponded to the values for overweight. These trends in hormone contents are a predisposing factor for further weight gain. Practical significance of the combined assessment of disturbances in the immunological and biochemical homeostasis has been established. Analysis of the adrenal and gastrointestinal hormones can predict the risk of weight gain, but at the same time, changes in the level of immunological indicators in subjects with increased body weight characterizes the possibility of developing cardiovascular pathologies.

Measurement of Immunological Parameters to Assess Human Body Readiness for Physical Load.

We measured the level of natural antibodies (nAb) to glutamate and GABA reflecting the balance of excitation and inhibition systems and involved in the adaptation processes in athletes receiving normalized physical activity in the dynamics of training (figure skaters, football players, and people actively involved in sports). It was found that each subject has an individual immunological profile and its parameters change in accordance with the training load. The measured levels of nAbs to GABA and glutamate correlate the physical activity of a person. The surveyed football players were divided into 3 groups according to the results of the analysis. Subjects of the first group had reliably high immunological indices in comparison with the control and were at the peak of physical form; in the third group, low immunological indices relative to the control indicated exhaustion and fatigue. The indicators of the second group corresponded to normal and demonstrated the resource of adaptation to load. The developed method can be used for assessing person's readiness for physical activity.

[Immunochemical and electromyographic indicators for assessment of pain status in myofascial back pain syndrome]. / Immunokhimicheskie i elektromiograficheskie pokazateli otsenki bolevogo statusa pri reflektornom sindrome.

OBJECTIVE: A complex examination of patients with chronic myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 136 patients with MPS (66 men and 70 women). Pain was assessed using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Investigation of profiles of natural antibodies (nAbs) to specific opioid peptides (ß-endorphin and orphanin), biogenic amines (dopamine and serotonin), surface electromyography (SEMG) of m. errector spinae at the L3-L4 level bilaterally were performed. Measurements were done at 1st, 10th and 21st days of treatment. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in pain intensity (by 71% in men and by 63% in women) accompanied by a decrease in muscle tension by 10-25% in group values of SEMG amplitudes, and by 34-38% as assessed by individual dynamics of SEMG amplitudes. All nAbs levels were elevated or high in the 1st day. The dynamics of nAbs levels was multidirectional. At the 21st day, there was the increase in the incidence of patients with high nAbs levels to opioid peptides (39-41% women and 33-39% men) and patients with normal nAbs levels to serotonin (59% men and 52% women), while the levels of nAbs to dopamine decreased to normal levels in women (56%) and remained elevated (50%) or highly elevated (17%) in men. CONCLUSION: The dynamics of immune indicators correlates with pain intensity that possibly reflects the pathological changes in neural/humoral interactions in chronic pain. In this regard, monitoring of nAbs levels is prognostically relevant for assessment of risk of pain chronification.

Study of Humoral Immunity Indicators for Evaluation of Chronic Pain State.

Variation of natural antibody (nAb) levels to the pain bioregulators (ß-endorphin, orphanin, serotonin, dopamine, histamine, and angiotensin) in blood serum at chronic low back pain (LBP) was studied for 21 days. We revealed gender features of immuno-profiles: more elevated nAb levels in women at 1st day and equal levels in gender groups at 21st day. In addition, nAb levels remained above normal up to day 21 in most of patients despite a threefold decrease in pain intensity, measured using a differential visual analogue scale. A significant decrease in nAb levels was found in 4-20% of patients depending on the bioregulator. These observations support the hypothesis that antibodies can be a factor in the prolongation of pain. Therefore, the analysis of the dynamics of nAbs can be recommended for patients with LBP, from which it is possible to predict the further course of the disease.

Enzyme Immunoassay of Antibodies to Endogenous Bioregulators for Evaluating the Risk of Heart Disease.

The levels of natural antibodies to ß-endorphin, bradykinin, histamine, dopamine, and serotonin were measured in 271 cardiological patients in order to evaluate the severity of their clinical status. The patients were distributed into groups differing by the course of the pathological process. The levels of natural antibodies to all antigens were maximum in patients with cardiosclerosis: the content of antibodies to ß-endorphin surpassed the control by 46%, to histamine by 62%, to bradykinin by 36%, to dopamine by 49%, and to serotonin by 65%.

Analysis of immune-biochemical indicators to assess the risk of developing cardiological pathology.

Prognostic immuno-biochemical tests to assess the severity of the condition of patients with cardiac diseases were developed. A comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory blood parameters, which are used in practice for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases, and an analysis of the content of natural antibodies (n-Abs) to ß-endorphin, bradykinin, histamine, dopamine, and serotonin were performed. A significant correlation between the level of n-Abs, the main biochemical parameters, and the content of blood corpuscles was revealed. The practical importance of the combined use of immunological and biochemical tests to increase the reliability of prediction of the severity of heart pathologies was established.

[The detection of antibodies to endogenous bioregulators for evaluating functional condition of health of portsmen.]

The evaluation of functional condition of health of sportsmen doing Greek Roman wrestling was implemented using detection of level of antibodies to serotonin, histamine, dopamine, glutamate, GABA, orphanine, endorphin, angiotensin. The study established a reliable increasing of level of antibodies to orphanine, ß-endorphin, GABA and glutamate under increasing of duration of physical load. The content of antibodies to other regulators of adaptation had no statistical difference. The developed technique can be applied in evaluation of objectification of functional condition of sportsman with purpose of selecting optimal training process.

Pressure algometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of natural antibodies in the evaluation of pain syndrome.

The dynamics of possible markers of pain syndrome: pain pressure thresholds of intolerance (PTI) and natural antibodies to mediators of pain processing (nAbs) in blood serum at dorsalgia was studied. We have shown that most men and women had reduced PTIs. Night PTIs were lower than daytime PTIs regardless of the gender. The study of the content of nAbs to opioids and biogenic amines by ELISA have shown a prolonged maintenance of their elevated and high levels that could evoke long-term effect in pain chronization. Thus, the pressure algometry and ELISA of nAbs to pain processing mediators make it possible to assess the individual pain status objectively and, on this bases, to propose personal schemes of treatment.

[Dynamics of pain tolerance thresholds and humoral immunity factors at dorsalgy].

OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to study the possible markers of pain syndrome--indicators of pain sensitivity--pain pressure tolerance thresholds (PPTT), and immuno-indicators--natural antibodies against pain processing mediators (eAb) for evaluation the possibility of its using for a objective pain assessment at chronic low back pain. METHODS: Pain sensitivity was assessed daily and nightly, by measuring the PPTT The natural antibody levels (eAb), were determined in serum by ELISA. Measurement of all parameters were performed at 1st, 10th and 21 days. RESULTS: 173 patients (93 women and 80 men) with chronic low back pain were included in the study. At 1st day most patients had lowered PPTT: 55% of men and 74% during the day, 72% of men and 89% of women at night. Dynamic study has shown a tendency of PPTT normalization in men. The study of diurnal PPTT variations have shown that night PPTT lower than day PPTT on 15-17%. We found gender PPTT differences: PPTT values in women 17-26% lower than in men. Analysis of individual eAb profiles has showed that elevated and high levels of eAb to ß-endorphin, orphanin and histamine have 84%, 78%, 84% women and 82%, 85 and 95% men, respectively. These indicators higher than those for serotonin, dopamine and angiotensin (55%, 65%, 70% in women and 65%, 66%, 66% in men, respectively; p < 0.05). Dynamic study of eAb levels have shown a significant anti-histamine eAbs decrease (23%; p = 0.015) only. CONCLUSION: The pathological changes in pain sensitivity and levels of eAbs to pain-processing mediatos are evidenced. Further investigations are necessary to clarify to role of these variations in pain processing and for use these indicators for objective pain assessment.

[Antibodies to endogenous bioregulators and their association with age and sex in chronic pain syndrome].

Authors studied changes in the levels of antibodies to endogenous bioregulators (Ab) to Β-endorphin, orphanin, serotonin, dopamine and angiotensin in 36 healthy people and 109 patients with dorsopathy with chronic pain syndrome. The association of these immunological indicators with age and sex was found. It has been concluded that the levels of Ab to endogenous bioregulators may be considered as a marker of algic system pathology that does not depend on age and is sex-related.

Content of autoantibodies to bradykinin and beta-amyloid(1-42) as a criterion for biochemical differences between Alzheimer's dementias.

We measured serum content of autoantibodies to beta-amyloid protein Abeta(1-42), its neurotoxic fragment Abeta(25-35), vasopressin, bradykinin, thrombin, antithrombin III, alpha(2)-macroglobulin, and angiotensin II in patients with various forms of Alzheimer's dementias, including presenile and senile dementias of the Alzheimer type. The ratio of antibradykinin and anti-Abeta(1-42) autoantibody contents differed by 39% in these patients. Our results can be used for the development of a new biochemical method for differential diagnostics of dementias of the Alzheimer type.

Antibodies to delta sleep-inducing peptide in ultralow doses: study of the effect by enzyme immunoassay.

The effects of potentiated homeopathic preparations containing antibodies to delta sleep-inducing peptide in ultralow doses were studied by enzyme immunoassay. Experiments were performed with the following immunochemical reagents: antigens of delta sleep-inducing peptide conjugated to various macromolecular carriers and specific antigens. Antibodies to delta sleep-inducing peptide were synthesized in dilutions of C3, C6, C12, C50, and C200. Enzyme immunoassay showed that test preparations of antibodies in dilutions of 1:400-1:3200 produce the combined effect on immune complex formation. The proposed method holds much promise for identification of medicinal preparations in ultralow doses.

Autoantibodies to beta-amyloid and neurotransmitters in patients with Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type.

The content of autoantibodies to beta-amyloid protein Abeta(1-42), its neurotoxic fragment Abeta(25-35), and neurotransmitters were studied in the blood of patients with presenile Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Significant differences in the relative content of autoantibodies to Abeta(1-42)and autoantibodies to biogenic amines were demonstrated. These results can be used for the development of a biochemical method for differential diagnosis of Alzheimer dementias.