RESUMO
Olfactory and pheromone receptors (ORs) constitute a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors involved in the detection and transduction of odorant signals. Using degenerated primers complementary to the highly conserved transmembrane domains II, III, VI, and VII within this protein family, Gaudin et al. have recently described the expression of several OR genes in foetal human tongue. Among the nine genes identified in human foetal tongue (HTPCR06, HGMP07I, JCG6, TPCR85, JCGI1, JCG2, JCG3, JCG5, and JCG9), only four (HTPCR06, HGMP07I, JCG3, and JCG5) were found to be expressed in adult tongue, suggesting that ORs might perform developmental functions in this organ. The objective of our work was to obtain additional information about the expression of olfactory-like genes in human tongue. In the present study, the synthesis and the screening of a cDNA library from epithelial cells of human adult tongue is reported. Two kinds of PCR analysis were performed. First, partial olfactory-like receptor cDNAs amplified with the degenerated primers used by Gaudin et al. were cloned and described. Second, a comparison of the expression profiles of the olfactory-like receptor genes previously identified before was carried out using specific primers. Among the genes studied we found that four genes (HTPCR06, JCG3, JCG5, and JCG6) are expressed in epithelial cells of the surface of the adult tongue. Additionally, we show that three olfactory-like receptor genes OR7A5/HTPCR2, OR6Q1, and OR7C1/TPCR86 are also expressed in these cells.
Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Biblioteca Gênica , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Receptores Odorantes/genética , Receptores Odorantes/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Língua/metabolismo , Sequência de Bases , Células Cultivadas , DNA Complementar/genética , Humanos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismoRESUMO
The papillomaviruses are a group of small DNA (8 kbp) viruses which induce papillomas in human and animals. Most of them can also transform epithelial cells of human and other vertebrates. Examinations of children with Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP), using PCR method with specific primers, revealed HPV type 6 or/and 11 in 98%-100% tissue samples. Little is known about HPV infection in upper respiratory tract of healthy children. The group of 201 healthy children (from 3 to 10 years old) was laryngologically examined. The smears from noses and throats were studied for the presence of HPV viruses DNA. PCR was performed as described by Tucker et al. 28.8% of children from the study group were HPV positive. The presence of HPV in respiratory tract in children is relatively high. "High risk" HPV are not observed in the respiratory tract in children. The Human Papillomavirus in children may be transmitted by direct contacts.
Assuntos
Papiloma/genética , Papiloma/virologia , Papillomaviridae/genética , Mucosa Respiratória/patologia , Neoplasias do Sistema Respiratório/genética , Neoplasias do Sistema Respiratório/patologia , Portador Sadio , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Primers do DNA/genética , Feminino , Triagem de Portadores Genéticos/métodos , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been universally recognized as the etiologic factor of many malignant and non-malignant diseases of the upper respiratory tract, skin and female genital tracts. Up to date more than 100 various genotypes of HPV have been recognized. The process of the HPV transmission and the risk factors of spreading the infection have been not confirmed explicitly. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the paper was the identification of environmental factors of spreading infection in the material of asymptomatic carriers of HPV. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A group of 201 pre-school children (109 girls and 92 boys) was laryngologically examined after getting a consent from their parents. The virological examination using PCR methods reveal 58 asymptomatic carriers of HPV and 143 HPV-free children. RESULTS: The analysis of history and data reveal significant relationship between the HPV infection and the number of active smokers in the family (38.2% vs 19.4%). The dental caries was found more often in HPV positive children. The fact worth consideration is the standard of living, which in the families of HPV infected children was estimated frequently as low or rather low. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to unfavorable environmental factors like active smokers in the family and low standard of living can led to spreading of the HPV infections.
