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1.
Sci Rep ; 9(1): 4094, 2019 03 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30858468

RESUMO

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways are central cellular signalling mechanisms in all eukaryotes. They are key regulators of the cell cycle and stress responses, yet evolution of MAPK families took markedly different paths in the animal and plant kingdoms. Instead of the characteristic divergence of MAPK types in animals, in plants an expanded network of ERK-like MAPKs has emerged. To gain insight into the early evolution of the plant MAPK family we identified and analysed MAPKs in 13 representative species across green algae, a large and diverse early-diverging lineage within the plant kingdom. Our results reveal that the plant MAPK gene family emerged from three types of progenitor kinases, which are ubiquitously present in algae, implying their formation in an early ancestor. Low number of MAPKs is characteristic across algae, the few losses or duplications are associated with genome complexity rather than habitat ecology, despite the importance of MAPKs in environmental signalling in flowering plants. ERK-type MAPKs are associated with cell cycle regulation in opisthokont models, yet in plants their stress-signalling function is more prevalent. Unicellular microalgae offer an excellent experimental system to study the cell cycle, and MAPK gene expression profiles show CDKB-like peaks around S/M phase in synchronised Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cultures, suggesting their participation in cell cycle regulation, in line with the notion that the ancestral eukaryotic MAPK was a cell cycle regulator ERK-like kinase. Our work also highlights the scarcity of signalling knowledge in microalgae, in spite of their enormous ecological impact and emerging economic importance.


Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Plantas/enzimologia , Proteínas de Algas/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Ciclo Celular/genética , Clorófitas/enzimologia , Duplicação Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Variação Genética , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/química , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Família Multigênica , Filogenia , Proteoma/metabolismo , Seleção Genética
2.
FEBS Lett ; 592(1): 89-102, 2018 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29197077

RESUMO

Plant growth flexibly adapts to environmental conditions, implying cross-talk between environmental signalling and developmental regulation. Here, we show that the PIN auxin efflux carrier family possesses three highly conserved putative mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) sites adjacent to the phosphorylation sites of the well-characterised AGC kinase PINOID, which regulates the polar localisation of PINs and directional auxin transport, thereby underpinning organ growth. The conserved sites of PIN1 are phosphorylated in vitro by two environmentally activated MAPKs, MPK4 and MPK6. In contrast to AGC kinases, MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of PIN1 at adjacent sites leads to a partial loss of the plasma membrane localisation of PIN1. MAPK-mediated modulation of PIN trafficking may participate in environmental adjustment of plant growth.


Assuntos
Evolução Molecular , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/genética , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Sítios de Ligação/genética , Sequência Conservada , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/genética , Proteínas de Membrana Transportadoras/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Desenvolvimento Vegetal , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas/genética , Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Protoplastos/metabolismo
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