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1.
Arch. esp. urol. (Ed. impr.) ; 75(5): 430-434, Jun. 28, 2022. graf
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-209228

RESUMO

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) can progress to the lethal phenotype of metastatic castration resistance (mCRPC), either from initially localized disease or de novo metastatic cancer. New drugs improving overall survival are now the cornerstone of treatment. Nevertheless, there are no defined sequences or established timing to initiate or discontinue treatments; besides, not all patients end in CRPC or reach this stage at the same time. Objective: To evaluate characteristics of patients who progress to mCRPC and establish an association with time to mCRPC diagnosis. Material and Methods: Retrospective, descriptive and observational study of 35 mCRPC patients, performed from 2013 to 2017. Variables analyzed were age, Gleason score and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) at diagnosis, initial stage, response time to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), PSA nadir on ADT and time until mCRPC progression. Statistical analysis comparing variables with time to mCRPC diagnosis was performed. Results: Average age at diagnosis was 68.9 years; PSA values were classified into 3 categories: <20 ng/ml, 20-50 and >50. Gleason score was 7 in 50%, and 8-9 in the rest. Tumor was initially localized in 46% of the patients and metastatic in the rest. PSA nadir on ADT was <1 ng/ml in 67%. Average time to androgen deprivation: 5.5 years, time to mCRPC diagnosis: 6.9 years. Significant associations between time to mCRPC and time of androgen deprivation, PSA nadir during ADT and stage at diagnosis were found. Conclusion: Response time to ADT <1 year, PSA nadir value >5 ng/ml during treatment and metastatic stage at diagnosis were associated with earlier progression to mCRPC (AU)


Introducción: El cáncer de próstata (CaP) puedeprogresar al fenotipo letal de resistencia a la castraciónmetastásica (CPRCm), ya sea por enfermedad inicialmentelocalizada o por cáncer metastásico de novo. Los nuevosmedicamentos que mejoran la supervivencia general sonahora la piedra angular del tratamiento. Sin embargo, nohay secuencias definidas ni tiempos establecidos para iniciar o suspender los tratamientos; además, no todos los pacientes terminan en CPRC o llegan a esta etapa al mismotiempo.Objetivo: Evaluar las características de los pacientesque progresan a CPRCm y establecer una asociación entreéstas y el tiempo hasta el diagnóstico de CPRCm.Material y Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y observacional de 35 pacientes con CPRCm, realizado entre 2013 y 2017. Las variables analizadas fueronedad, puntaje de Gleason y antígeno prostático específico(PSA, por sus siglas en inglés) al diagnóstico, estadio inicial, tiempo de respuesta a la terapia de deprivación androgénica (TDA), Nadir de PSA en TDA y tiempo hastala progresión a CPRCm. Se realizó un análisis estadísticocomparando las variables con el tiempo hasta el diagnósticode CPRCm.Resultados: La edad promedio al diagnóstico fue de68,9 años; Los valores de PSA<20: 15% de los pacientes,PSA 20-50: 63% de los pacientes, y PSA>50 20%. La puntuación de Gleason fue de 7 en el 50% y de 8-9 en el resto.El tumor fue inicialmente localizado en el 46% de los pacientes y metastásico en el resto. El nadir de PSA en TDAfue <1 ng / ml en 67%. Tiempo medio de respuesta a TDA:5,5 años, tiempo hasta el diagnóstico de CPRCm: 6,9 años.Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre el tiempohasta CPRCm y el tiempo de deprivación de andrógenos, elnadir de PSA durante el TDA y el estadio al momento deldiagnóstico.Conclusión: el tiempo de respuesta a TDA <1 año... (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/tratamento farmacológico , Antagonistas de Androgênios/uso terapêutico , Progressão da Doença , Estudos Retrospectivos , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangue , Metástase Neoplásica
2.
Arch Esp Urol ; 69(7): 393-7, 2016 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27617558

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer (PCa) is an androgen-dependent disease. In some cases, the tumor progresses despite castration levels of serum testosterone, turning into the lethal phenotype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), still driven by androgens and requiring the androgen receptor as a driver and responsible for progression. Enzalutamide, an androgen receptor inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of metastatic CRPC, asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, after failure of androgen deprivation. In both clinical trials that led to its approval, Enzalutamide was administered with an LHRH analog, setting the "standard of care" for its use. In this article we evaluate the available evidence and theory on the use of Enzalutamide as monotherapy. METHODS: Androgen deprivation well-known adverse events, together with the fact that its clinical benefit is moderate and the evidence strength is weak, and the direct negative impact on the common chronic conditions affecting this age-group led to investigation of Enzalutamide without LHRH analogs. RESULTS: There are clinical trials on Enzalutamide monotherapy for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with favourable outcomes, and there are also two ongoing studies in different advanced PCa scenarios, the PROSPER and EMBARK trials. It would be up to now a safe alternative, with less toxicity and lower costs. CONCLUSION: It is mandatory to validate these early results on the use on Enzalutamide monotherapy for advanced prostate cancer, hormone-sensitive or castration resistant, metastatic or not, but in the meantime, we wonder, why not?


Assuntos
Feniltioidantoína/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias da Próstata/tratamento farmacológico , Benzamidas , Humanos , Masculino , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Nitrilas , Feniltioidantoína/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia
3.
Arch Esp Urol ; 66(4): 342-9, 2013 May.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23676537

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Advances in diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa)have led to an increased detection of these tumors, some of them with low-risk of progression, with the consequent risk of overdiagnosis and overt treatment. In consequence, there is a tendency to offer alternatives to active therapy, like active surveillance (AS)however, some patients under AS need definitive therapy and after surgery it becomes evident that they are not "low-risk" patients. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who met criteria for low-risk tumors treated with radical prostatectomy. METHODS: We selected 21 out of 190 patients treated with radical prostatectomy from January 2004 to December 2008 who met Epstein's criteria for low-risk tumors. We analyzed the number of organ-confined tumors,Gleason undergrading and understaging by biopsy, surgical margins and postoperative PSA. RESULTS: Mean age was 58.6 years; mean PSA was 6.6 ng/ml, predominant Gleason score was 6 (3+3), 76%were unilateral tumors and 90%were organ-confined, 10% had extracapsular extension, none had involvement of the seminal % vesicles, 15% of the patients had Gleason score >6 and surgical margins were positive in 30% of the specimens. Eighty five percent had their first postoperative PSA <0.10 ng/ml and 75% remain free of biochemical recurrence. According to the Johns Hopkins criteria for "incurable tumors ", our cohort had 28%. CONCLUSION: Patients with low-risk prostate cancer include cases that may have greater risk than estimated. In our series, we had 10% extracapsular disease, 15% understaging for Gleason score and 25% biochemical recurrence, which demonstrates that current criteria do not warrant good oncological results. Active surveillance offers good quality of life and acceptable oncological results, it can be proposed until definitive therapy, without seriously endangering the patient. Anyway, as a therapeutic tool, it still requires improvements. Technical advances are awaited so as to properly assess each patient's risk and to define the best therapeutic option for every case.


Assuntos
Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Idoso , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Próstata/patologia , Antígeno Prostático Específico/análise , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento
4.
Optom Vis Sci ; 74(9): 702-7, 1997 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9380367

RESUMO

PURPOSE: This study compares the development of acuity in the same infants during one testing session using Teller acuity cards (TAC) and sweep visual evoked potentials (sVEP). We asked whether different testing methods in two centers would produce different developmental time courses. METHODS: Forty-eight infants were tested in two centers. The standard procedure for TAC was used. For sVEP acuity, the amplitude response curve derived from time-locked cortical activity was used to extrapolate to zero response, giving an acuity estimate for each infant. RESULTS: sVEP acuity was generally higher than TAC acuity. The rate of development was steeper for TAC than sVEP acuity with TAC starting at a much lower level. The ratio of sVEP to TAC acuity decreased exponentially with age reaching an asymptote of about 1.44 at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Results were indistinguishable between centers suggesting that comparison of acuity measures obtained using variations of these methods across centers is possible.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Eletrofisiologia/métodos , Potenciais Evocados Visuais/fisiologia , Testes Visuais/métodos , Acuidade Visual , Humanos , Lactente , Valor Preditivo dos Testes
5.
Rev. chil. urol ; 62(2): 265-6, 1997. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-216371

RESUMO

Paciente de 61 años de edad a quien se le realizó nefrectomía derecha en 1991 por tumor de polo superior (carcinorna renal de células claras). Comienza con terapia inmunomoduladora con control durante 1.5 año perdiéndose el paciente hasta 1995 en que vuelve a la consulta por tumoración palpable en hipocondrio izquierdo. Los estudios revelaron tumor sólido de 6 cm en región media y polo inferior del riñón izquierdo. Se comenzó tratamiento con interleukina y 5-fluoracilo con los controles necesarios por T.A.C. que mostraban reducción del tamaño tumoral. Actualmente continúa con la misma terapia más ciclos de vimblastina observando disminución importante del tamaiío tumoral que permitiría en un futuro realizar nefrectomía parcial o tumorectomía


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Nefrectomia , Fluoruracila , Interleucinas , Vimblastina
9.
Rev. argent. micol ; 10(3): 21-3, sept.-dic. 1987. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-61090

RESUMO

La influencia de polisacáridos y de ciertas condiciones físico-químicas es conocida en la formación de seudomicelios y clamidosporos, como las producidas por la presencia de sustancias tensioactivas. Se procuró establecer, hasta qué punto sustancias complejantes como el EDTA (sal sódica del ácido etilendiaminotetracético), el citrato de sodio y el oxalato de sodio, podrían igualmente influir en el dimorfismo del hongo. Se utilizaron cepas de Candida albicans aisladas de procesos patológicos e identificadas por zimograma y auxanograma. Fueron sembradas en medios de agua harina de maíz y agua papa-zanahoria, a los que se les había incorporado los complejantes por separado. Como controles se emplearon los mismos medios sin aditamentos con el agregado de tween 80. Las concentraciones se fueron regulando por estudios previos hasta poder obtener las más útiles para nuestros fines. Se comprobaron buenos resultados con la incorporación de los distintos complejantes para la formación de filamentos y clamidosporos, pero fueron inferiores a los resultados obtenidos con el uso del tensioactivo (tween 80)


Assuntos
Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Técnicas In Vitro , Polissorbatos , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Ácido Edético , Polissorbatos
10.
Rev. argent. micol ; 10(3): 21-3, sept.-dic. 1987. Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-30054

RESUMO

La influencia de polisacáridos y de ciertas condiciones físico-químicas es conocida en la formación de seudomicelios y clamidosporos, como las producidas por la presencia de sustancias tensioactivas. Se procuró establecer, hasta qué punto sustancias complejantes como el EDTA (sal sódica del ácido etilendiaminotetracético), el citrato de sodio y el oxalato de sodio, podrían igualmente influir en el dimorfismo del hongo. Se utilizaron cepas de Candida albicans aisladas de procesos patológicos e identificadas por zimograma y auxanograma. Fueron sembradas en medios de agua harina de maíz y agua papa-zanahoria, a los que se les había incorporado los complejantes por separado. Como controles se emplearon los mismos medios sin aditamentos con el agregado de tween 80. Las concentraciones se fueron regulando por estudios previos hasta poder obtener las más útiles para nuestros fines. Se comprobaron buenos resultados con la incorporación de los distintos complejantes para la formación de filamentos y clamidosporos, pero fueron inferiores a los resultados obtenidos con el uso del tensioactivo (tween 80) (AU)


Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Estudo Comparativo , Polissorbatos/diagnóstico , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/isolamento & purificação , Candida albicans/metabolismo , Polissorbatos/diagnóstico , Ácido Edético
11.
Rev. argent. micol ; 10(2): 17-20, mayo-ago. 1987. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-61079

RESUMO

Las curvas de crecimiento de las colonias de dermatofitos están sujetas a diversos parámetros a veces muy difíciles de conciliar. En este trabajo se pretende, mediante el cambio de algunos nutrientes en el medio de lactrimel, verificar las fases básicas en el crecimiento de Microsporum canis: estacionaria mínima o de adaptación, exponencial, estacionaria máxima y de declinación. A su vez, se las compara con otros medios de lactrimel donde la harina de trigo es reemplazadas respectivamente por la de soja, arroz y maíz. Se pudo establecer que la fase de adaptación es similar en todos los medios, pese al cambio de harina. En cambio hubo variaciones significativas en las fases exponenciales que revelaron ventajas cuando se usaron harina de arroz y maíz, tanto en el aspecto vegetativo como por la producción de macroconidias, no así con la de soja cuyos resultados fueron inferiores en esta fase


Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Microsporum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Meios de Cultura , Zea mays , Oryza , Glycine max , Triticum
12.
Rev. argent. micol ; 10(2): 17-20, mayo-ago. 1987. Tab
Artigo em Espanhol | BINACIS | ID: bin-30060

RESUMO

Las curvas de crecimiento de las colonias de dermatofitos están sujetas a diversos parámetros a veces muy difíciles de conciliar. En este trabajo se pretende, mediante el cambio de algunos nutrientes en el medio de lactrimel, verificar las fases básicas en el crecimiento de Microsporum canis: estacionaria mínima o de adaptación, exponencial, estacionaria máxima y de declinación. A su vez, se las compara con otros medios de lactrimel donde la harina de trigo es reemplazadas respectivamente por la de soja, arroz y maíz. Se pudo establecer que la fase de adaptación es similar en todos los medios, pese al cambio de harina. En cambio hubo variaciones significativas en las fases exponenciales que revelaron ventajas cuando se usaron harina de arroz y maíz, tanto en el aspecto vegetativo como por la producción de macroconidias, no así con la de soja cuyos resultados fueron inferiores en esta fase (AU)


Assuntos
Técnicas In Vitro , Microsporum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Meios de Cultura , Glycine max , Zea mays , Oryza , Triticum
14.
Mycopathologia ; 88(2-3): 127-30, 1984 Dec 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6335569

RESUMO

This study was undertaken to establish the function of T-lymphocytes in protective immunity against a cryptococcal infection in animals treated with Cyclophosphamide (Cy) pre or post infection and to determine how they relate to the progression of the disease. Inbred Suquia rats were infected either intranasally (i.n.) or intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 10(5) viable Cryptococcus neoformans cells. The infected rats were divided in three groups. One of the groups (group I) was utilized as a control. The second group (group II) was treated with Cy 3 days before the infection. The third group (group III) was treated with Cy 3 days after the infection. At approximately 22 days post infection, C. neoformans growth in selected organs of all animals were determined. In addition, humoral and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response were assayed in the rats. When the Cy was applied after the infection the DTH was significantly diminished and inverse to the colony forming unit (CFU) which increased leading to the animals death. On the other hand, injection of the drug 3 days before infection did not modify the response, that was comparable in both treated and the control animals. In this study it were found haemagglutinating antibodies in sera from i.n. and i.p. infected rats although at minimal levels and were not present in all animals. The results show that with a low T-cell function induced as a consequence of injecting Cy after the infection, rats did not develop a normal DTH response to cryptococcal infections and were not able to control a cryptococcal infection as well as animals with normal T-cell function.


Assuntos
Criptococose/imunologia , Ciclofosfamida/farmacologia , Animais , Feminino , Hipersensibilidade Tardia , Imunidade Celular , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Linfócitos T/imunologia
15.
Mycopathologia ; 82(3): 179-84, 1983 Jun 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6350885

RESUMO

A guinea pig model was used to evaluate immune response to Cryptococcus neoformans. This model shared characteristics with cryptococcosis in humans. Twenty five guinea pigs injected intraperitoneally with 10(7) viable C. neoformans cells developed disseminated disease. Forty days after infection all guinea pigs were killed and autopsy performed. C. neoformans growth in the lungs, brains, livers and spleen of the infected animals were determined. Furthermore, the immune response was characterized by moderate degree of delayed-type hypersensitivity and humoral response. In some organs was observed neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration with presence of cryptococci cells. The infiltration observed in the organs was probably a consequence of an immune reaction.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antifúngicos/análise , Criptococose/imunologia , Cryptococcus neoformans/imunologia , Cryptococcus/imunologia , Animais , Encéfalo/patologia , Criptococose/patologia , Feminino , Granuloma/patologia , Cobaias , Hipersensibilidade Tardia/imunologia , Hipersensibilidade Imediata/imunologia , Rim/patologia , Leucócitos/patologia , Fígado/patologia , Masculino , Baço/patologia
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