Evaluación de los servicios en salud mental en la niñez y sus modalidades de cuidado en Santa Fe, La Rioja y Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires / Evaluation of childhood mental health services and their care modalities in Santa Fe, La Rioja and the Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires

INTRODUCCIÓN A partir de la sanción de la Ley Nacional de Protección Integral de los Derechos de Niñas, Niños y Adolescentes y de la Ley Nacional de Salud Mental, se emprendió en Argentina no solo una modificación en los marcos normativos sino también una paulatina transformación de las prácticas destinadas a la niñez. Dada la necesidad de adecuar los abordajes para alcanzar una integralidad en las respuestas, esta investigación se propone ampliar a nuevas jurisdicciones el estudio multicéntrico realizado en 2016/7. OBJETIVOS Caracterizar y evaluar las modalidades de cuidado en salud mental infantil en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y las provincias de Santa Fe y La Rioja, considerando el grado de adecuación a la Ley Nacional de Salud Mental. MÉTODOS Diseño exploratorio descriptivo, enmarcado en un abordaje de tipo cualitativo. Se realizó un estudio de casos múltiple y se aplicó como herramienta de evaluación el instrumento ICMHC- WHO en un total de 12 efectores de salud. RESULTADOS En todas las jurisdicciones estudiadas se ha constatado un proceso de reforma incipiente y con diversas variantes para adecuar las respuestas institucionales al nuevo paradigma en salud mental comunitaria. Dicha adecuación se ve facilitada cuando las prácticas de salud mental se integran con las de salud, lo que impacta notablemente en la accesibilidad y calidad de los cuidados brindados. Se destaca la mayor complejidad de los abordajes implementados en los CAPS y en los centros de atención especializados en salud mental. En todos los efectores persisten dificultades en la articulación entre los servicios de salud mental y los organismos de protección de los derechos de la niñez. DISCUSIÓN Aún se detectan importantes obstáculos en la implementación de la Ley Nacional de Salud Mental, en términos de capacitación de recursos humanos y financieros, abordajes interdisciplinarios y funcionamiento integral en redes intra e intersectorial

Morfometría macroscópica del ovario y cuerpo lúteo de yeguas criollas de Colombia / Macroscopic Morphometry of the Ovary and Corpus Luteum of Native Mares in Colombia / Morfometria macroscópica do ovário e corpo lúteo de éguas criollas da Colômbia

El objetivo del presente estudio era realizar una descripción de parámetros morfométricos del ovario y cuerpo lúteo (CL) de yeguas criollas de Colombia. Se utilizaron cincuenta ovarios provenientes de yeguas adultas. Todos los animales se encontraban clínicamente sanos. Los tejidos se obtuvieron después del sacrificio y se fijaron inmediatamente en formalina tamponada. Se pesó y se midió el diámetro mayor y el menor del ovario. Se realizó una incisión longitudinal con la finalidad de observar el parénquima del órgano. Se removió el CL y se registró su peso y diámetro. Los datos se analizaron a través de estadística descriptiva y el grado de asociación de las variables se calculó a través de un modelo de regresión simple. Se transformaron los datos con logaritmo en base natural cuando se requirió. El diámetro mayor del ovario varió desde 2 hasta 6,2 cm. El diámetro del CL varió desde 1,1 hasta 3,6 cm. Se encontró una relación lineal entre el peso y el diámetro del ovario (R² = 0,41; p < 0,01) y entre el peso y el diámetro del CL (R² = 0,48; p < 0,01). Aunque la relación entre el peso del ovario y el cuerpo lúteo es lineal, el coeficiente de determinación fue muy bajo. La yegua criolla colombiana tiene características similares en la morfología ovárica y luteal a las reportadas en la literatura para yeguas de otras razas livianas. Los valores aquí reportados podrían ser el punto de partida para establecer valores de referencia de utilidad clínica.

The purpose of this study was to describe the morphometric parameters of the ovary and corpus luteum (CL) of native mares in Colombia. Fifty ovaries from adult mares were used. All animals were clinically healthy. The tissues were collected after slaughter and immediately fixed in buffered formalin. The large and small diameters of the ovary were weighted and measured. A longitudinal incision was made in order to observe organ parenchyma. The CL was removed and its weight and diameter were recorded. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and the degree of association between the variables was calculated through a simple regression model. When required, data were transformed with natural base logarithm. The large diameter of the ovary ranged from 2 to 6.2 cm. The diameter of the CL ranged from 1.1 to 3.6 cm. A linear relationship was found between the weight and diameter of the ovary (R² = 0.41; p < 0.01) and between the weight and diameter of the CL (R² = 0.48; p < 0.01). On the other hand, although the relationship between the weight of the ovary and corpus luteum is linear, the determination coefficient was very low. Luteal and ovarian morphology of native mares in Colombia has similar characteristics to those reported in literature for other light breed mares. The values reported herein could be the starting point to establish reference values for clinical utility.

O objetivo do presente estudo era realizar uma descrição de parâmetros morfométricos do ovário e corpo lúteo (CL) de éguas criollas da Colômbia. Utilizaram-se cinquenta ovários provenientes de éguas adultas. Todos os animais se encontravam clinicamente saudáveis. Os tecidos foram obtidos depois do sacrifício e se fixaram imediatamente em formalina tamponada. Foi pesado e medido o diâmetro maior e o menor do ovário. Realizou-se uma incisão longitudinal com a finalidade de observar o parênquima do órgão. Removeu-se o CL e se registrou seu peso e diâmetro. Os dados se analisaram com estatística descritiva, e o grau de associação das variáveis se calculou através de um modelo de regressão simples. Transformaram-se os dados com logaritmo em base natural quando se requerido. O diâmetro maior do ovário variou desde 2 até 6,2 cm. O diâmetro do CL variou desde 1,1 até 3,6 cm. Encontrouse uma relação linear entre o peso e o diâmetro do ovário (R² = 0,41; p < 0,01) e entre o peso e o diâmetro do CL (R² = 0,48; p < 0,01). Enquanto que, ainda sendo linear a relação entre o peso do ovário e o corpo lúteo, o coeficiente de determinação foi muito baixo. A égua criolla colombiana tem características similares na morfologia ovárica e lútea a as relatadas na literatura para éguas de outras raças leves. Os valores aqui reportados poderiam ser o ponto de partida para estabelecer valores de referencia de utilidade clínica.

Radiolabeled nano-peptides show specificity for an animal model of human PC3 prostate cancer cells.

OBJECTIVES: Cancer has been investigated using various pre-targeting techniques or models focusing on radiobombesin analogues; however, both are not offered together. In this study, nano-bombesin labeling by a pre-targeting system was undertaken to develop an alternative approach for prostate tumor treatment. METHODS: A two-step pre-targeting system utilizing a combination of streptavidin (SA), biotinylated morpholino (B-MORF), biotinylated BBN (B-BBN) with two different spacers (b-Ala and PEG), and a radiolabeled cMORF was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Final conjugation conditions consisted of a 1:1:2 ratio of SA:B-MORF:B-BBN, followed by addition of 99mTc-cMORF to compensate for free MORF. In vitro binding experiments with prostate cancer cells (PC-3) revealed that total binding was time-dependent for the Ala spacer but not for the PEG spacer. The highest accumulation (5.06 ± 1.98 %) was achieved with 1 hour of incubation, decreasing as time progressed. Specific binding fell to 1.05 ± 0.35 %. The pre-targeting biodistribution in healthy Swiss mice was measured at different time points, with the best responses observed for 7-h and 15-h incubations. The effector, 99mTc-MAG3-cMORF, was administered 2 h later. Strong kidney excretion was always documented. The greatest tumor uptake was 2.58 ± 0.59 %ID/g at 7 h for B-bAla-BBN, with a region of interest (ROI) value of 3.9 % during imaging. The tumor/blood ratio was low due to the slow blood clearance; however, the tumor/muscle ratio was 5.95. CONCLUSIONS: The pre-targeting approach with a peptide was a viable concept. Further evaluation with modified sequences of MORF, including less cytosine, and additional test intervals could be worthwhile.

Radiolabeled nano-peptides show specificity for an animal model of human PC3 prostate cancer cells

OBJECTIVES: Cancer has been investigated using various pre-targeting techniques or models focusing on radiobombesin analogues; however, both are not offered together. In this study, nano-bombesin labeling by a pre-targeting system was undertaken to develop an alternative approach for prostate tumor treatment. METHODS: A two-step pre-targeting system utilizing a combination of streptavidin (SA), biotinylated morpholino (B-MORF), biotinylated BBN (B-BBN) with two different spacers (b-Ala and PEG), and a radiolabeled cMORF was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: Final conjugation conditions consisted of a 1:1:2 ratio of SA:B-MORF:B-BBN, followed by addition of 99mTc-cMORF to compensate for free MORF. In vitro binding experiments with prostate cancer cells (PC-3) revealed that total binding was time-dependent for the Ala spacer but not for the PEG spacer. The highest accumulation (5.06 ± 1.98 percent) was achieved with 1 hour of incubation, decreasing as time progressed. Specific binding fell to 1.05 ± 0.35 percent. The pre-targeting biodistribution in healthy Swiss mice was measured at different time points, with the best responses observed for 7-h and 15-h incubations. The effector, 99mTc-MAG3-cMORF, was administered 2 h later. Strong kidney excretion was always documented. The greatest tumor uptake was 2.58 ± 0.59 percentID/g at 7 h for B-bAla-BBN, with a region of interest (ROI) value of 3.9 percent during imaging. The tumor/blood ratio was low due to the slow blood clearance; however, the tumor/muscle ratio was 5.95. CONCLUSIONS: The pre-targeting approach with a peptide was a viable concept. Further evaluation with modified sequences of MORF, including less cytosine, and additional test intervals could be worthwhile.

Comparative toxicity of pesticides to stingless bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini).

Stingless bees are potential pollinators of commercial tropical crops and their use may increase in the short term. However, studies comparing the toxicity of pesticides to different individuals and species are lacking, making it difficult to evaluate their short- and long-term effects on colonies and populations of these insects. In this work, we tested the lethality of compounds from the main pesticide groups on stingless bees of the species Melipona beecheii Bennett, Trigona nigra Provancher, and Nannotrigona perilampoides Cresson. The LDo (in micrograms per bee) for each pesticide was calculated for callow workers and foragers of the three species as well as for gynes and drones of M. beecheii. The results showed that all species were highly susceptible to the evaluated compounds. Nicotinoid pesticides were the most toxic, followed in descending order by permethrin, diazinon, and methomyl. We found evidence of a relationship between the body weight of the species and their LD50 for permethrin and methomyl (r = 0.91 and 0.90, respectively) but not for diazinon (r = -0.089). An analysis of contingency tables showed that within each species, callow workers had higher mortalities than foragers (P < 0.01). In M. beecheii at similar pesticide dose more males died compared with females [chi2((0.0),1) = 10.16]. However, gynes were less resistant than workers [chi2((0.01),1)) = 8.11]. The potential negative consequences of pesticides to native stingless bees are discussed considering the reproductive biology of these insects. It is important to take actions to prevent damage to these key species for the ecology and agriculture of Mexico and Latin America

Comparative efficiency of Nannotrigona perilampoides, Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apoidea), and mechanical vibration on fruit production of enclosed habanero pepper.

The native bee Nannotrigona perilampoides Cresson (Apidae: Meliponini) has been evaluated with promising results in greenhouse pollination of Solanaceae in Mexico. However, no comparison has been done with imported bumble bees (Apidae: Bombini), which are the most common bees used for greenhouse pollination. We compared the foraging activity and fruit production of habanero pepper. Capsicum chinense Jacquin, by using N. perilampoides and Bombus impatiens Cresson in pollination cages. Both bee species collected pollen on a similar number of flowers per unit time, but N. perilampoides visited significantly more flowers per trip, lasted longer on each flower, and spent more time per foraging trip. Ambient temperature and light intensity significantly affected the foraging activity of N. perilampoides. Light intensity was the only environmental variable that affected B. impatiens. Except for the fruit set, there were not significant differences in the quality of fruit produced by both bee species; however, N. perilampoides and B. impatiens performed better than mechanical vibration for all the variables measured. The abortion of fruit caused the low fruit set produced by B. impatiens, and we speculate it might be due to an excessive visitation rate. Pollination efficiency per visit (Spear's pollination efficiency index) was similar for both bee species in spite of the significantly lower amount of pollen removed by N. perilampoides. We suggested that the highest number of flowers visited per foraging trip coupled with adequate amounts of pollen transported, and transferred between flowers, could explain the performance of N. perilampoides as a good pollinator of habanero pepper. Our experiments confirm that N. perilampoides could be used as an alternative pollinator to Bombus in hot pepper under tropical climates.

Efectividad de la pilocarpina en pacientes con xerostomía / Effectiveness of pilocarpine in patients with xerostomia

El presente trabajo de investigación fue prospectivo, trasversal, experimental y en vivo, cuyo propósito fue determinar la efectividad de la pilocarpina en pacientes con xerostomía. Se seleccionó 50 pacientes adultos con xerostomía del servicio de medicina interna del hospital Alberto Sabogal Sologuren, dividiendose en dos grupos, 25 personas de grupo control a los cuales se les aplicó placebo (agua) y 25 personas del grupo experimental que se les aplicó pilocarpina 10 ml al 4 por ciento (colirio) para medir el grado de xerostomía en 50 pacientes se utilizó el método de Navazesch - Christensen antes y depués de la aplicación de la pilocarpina y el placebo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas expresadas en ml por minuto a favor de la pilocarpina con respecto al grupo control a la media hora de aplicado. Finalmente se concluye que la pilocarpina es efectiva en el incremento de la tasa de flujo salival de pacientes con xerostomía.

The objectives of this investigation was determine the effectiveness of the pilocarpine in pacients with xerostomy. This investigation was prospective, transversal and experimental. We choose 50 adults-pacients with xerostomy of the internal medicine service of the Alberto Sabogal Sologuren Hospital, divided in two groups; 25 persons of control group in this group we put water and 25 persons of experimental group in this group we put pilocarpine 10 al 4 percent (collyrium). For the measure the xerostomy level of 50 pacients we use the Navazeh-Christensen Method before and after the application of pilocarpine and placebo. The results shows significant al differents abovementioned in ml for minute for pilocarpine en comparation with the control group. We can saw the result in 30 minutes after apply the pilocarpine is effectivity in the increase of the salivary flow of pacients with xerostomy.

[Occlusion of the macular branch of the central retinal artery]. / Obstrucción de rama macular de arteria central de la retina.

We report a 54 years old female on oral anticoagulant treatment with a mitral valve disease, with a history of two transient ischemic attacks and a decreased visual acuity. She was assessed by an ophthalmologist and signs of retinal vascular disease were found. During follow up, the patient experienced an acute unilateral loss of vision in the left eye. Fundoscopy revealed an obstruction of a macular branch of central retinal artery. Aspirin was added to oral anticoagulants and one month later, the patient experienced an upper gastrointestinal bleeding. After four months of follow up, there is no recovery of left eye vision.

Optimización del acoplamiento del anticuerpo monoclonal CB. Hep-1 / Optimization of CB. Hep-1 mab coupling to sepharose

Se estudiaron diferentes condiciones para la inmovilización covalente del anticuerpo monoclonal (AcM) CB.Hep-1 a un soporte sepharose CL-4B activada con CNBr, con el objetivo de mejorar el funcionamiento de la cromatografía de inmunoafinidad para la purificación del antígeno de superficie del virus de la hepatitis B recombinante (rHBsAg)...(AU)