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1.
Galicia clin ; 81(2): 39-45, abr. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195195

RESUMO

Las demencias rápidamente progresivas (DRP) engloban un grupo muy heterogéneo de entidades caracterizadas por la aparición de trastornos cognitivos y conductuales relevantes que evolucionan en pocas semanas o meses. La triada clínica habitual consiste en pérdida de memoria, alteracio-nes psiquiátricas y crisis epilépticas. Aunque el síndrome de DRP engloba numerosos cuadros clínicos, es habitual pensar en un origen autoinmune paraneoplásico, infeccioso o asociado a enfermedades priónicas. Para su diagnóstico son necesarios estudios de imagen, el examen del líquido ce-falorraquídeo y pruebas serológicas como la determinación de antígenos. Es importante establecer un diagnóstico diferencial precoz entre encefalo-patías autoinmunes y demencias por trastornos neurodegenerativos, sobre todo en las de origen paraneoplásico, debido a que el tratamiento de la neoplasia es más efectivo en las fases tempranas de la enfermedad y puede evitar el daño neuronal irreversible. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes con deterioro cognitivo de pocos días de evolución debido a una encefalitis límbica no paraneoplásica y una encefalopatía de Hashimoto, causas poco habituales pero reversibles de demencia rápidamente progresiva


Rapidly progressive dementias (RPD) are a very heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by acute cognitive impairment and behavioral di-sorders in a few weeks or months. Clinically most of times consists of me-mory loss, psychiatric disorders and epilepsy. Although RPD can be part of multiple clinical conditions, most common causes include autoimmune diseases, infectious or prion diseases and rarely, as a manifestation of a paraneoplastic syndrome. Image studies, cerebral spinal fluid evaluation, and serologic tests such as antigen determination are the most useful in diagnosing a neurological paraneoplastic syndrome. It's very interesting an early diagnosis because the treatment is more effective in the early stages of illnes and can prevent irreversible neuronal damage. We pre-sent two cases of patients with rapidly cognitive impairmen due to limbic encephalitis and Hashimoto encephalopathy, rare but reversible causes of dementia


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Hashimoto/complicações , Encefalite/complicações , Demência/etiologia , Doença de Hashimoto/diagnóstico , Encefalite/diagnóstico , Doenças Autoimunes , Demência/classificação , Doença de Hashimoto/tratamento farmacológico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Autoanticorpos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Líquido Cefalorraquidiano
2.
Galicia clin ; 81(1): 8-12, ene. 2020. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-195184

RESUMO

El manejo de la obstrucción maligna del tracto digestivo alto continúa siendo un gran reto en la actualidad. En el momento del diagnóstico la mayoría de los pacientes presentan un deterioro clínico avanzado debido al tumor y no son buenos candidatos para procedimientos quirúrgicos mayores. En los últimos años las prótesis metálicas autoexpandibles han emergido como una alternativa eficaz, segura y menos invasiva para el tratamiento de la obstrucción maligna esofágica y gastroduodenal. Se describen tasas de éxito del 85-90%, y la mayoría de los pacientes toleran la dieta oral a las 24-36 horas de la colocación del stent. Las complicaciones mayores como la perforación son prácticamente inexistentes, pero otras como la estenosis, la migración o el acodamiento de la prótesis a veces plantean un verdadero problema terapéutico en pacientes cuyo estado general limita con frecuencia poder llevar a cabo otro tipo de medidas. Recogemos una serie de casos de pacientes con diagnóstico neoplásico de origen esofágico o gástrico tratados mediante endoprótesis digestivas, que desarrollaron complicaciones derivadas de las mismas a lo largo de la evolución de su enfermedad


Management of malignant obstruction of gastrointestinal tract continues to be a great challenge. Most of patients have advanced tumors at diagnosis and they are not good candidates for major surgical procedures. During the last years, self-expanding stents have shown to be an effective, safe and less invasive option for the treatment of malignant esophageal and gastroduodenal obstruction. Data confirm the efficacy of the stent in the palliation of malignant esophageal and gastroduodenal obstruction with low complications rates. Success rates of 85-90% are described, and most patients tolerate food 24-36 hours after the procedure. Major complications such as perforation are rare, but others such as stenosis or migration of the stent sometimes become a real therapeutic challenge in patients whose performance status is poor. We present cases of patients with diagnosis of esophageal or gastric neoplasms treated with stents, who developed complications


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Carcinoma/cirurgia , Stents/efeitos adversos , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
4.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 135(12): 552-555, oct. 2010. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-83851

RESUMO

Fundamento: La Enfermedad de Rendu-Osler es un desorden sistémico debido a una alteración del endotelio vascular. Su manifestación más frecuente es la epistaxis, pero las malformaciones vasculares afectan a multitud de órganos, como el hígado, donde el desarrollo de fístulas puede ocasionar un fallo cardiaco secundario debido a los grandes shunts que se generan entre las venas hepáticas y la arteria hepática. Para resolver la afectación cardiopulmonar tradicionalmente se planteaban tratamientos como la embolización o la ligadura de la arteria hepática, pero pueden ocasionar complicaciones tan graves como la necrosis o el fallo hepático. Observación clínica: Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 48 años seguida en nuestro hospital desde 1987 y diagnosticada de Rendu-Osler con presencia de múltiples fístulas intrahepáticas entre venas y arteria hepática, que desarrollo a lo largo de los años un cuadro de insuficiencia cardiaca progresiva que limitaba su calidad de vida. Resultados:Tras varios ingresos por empeoramiento, su disnea llegó a hacerse de reposo y su gasto cardiaco aumentó considerablemente en los diferentes controles ecocardiográficos, llegando a valores de 10,6l/min. Esto, unido a la refractariedad de años de tratamiento médico, y a la vista de lo buenos resultados descritos en la literatura revisada, nos hizo plantearnos finalmente la realización de un trasplante hepático, que se llevó a cabo en diciembre de 2004. Tras el mismo se resolvió la situación hiperdinámica, quedando la paciente asintomática y sin datos de fallo cardiaco. Aunque en los últimos años el trasplante hepático se ha convertido en el mejor y definitivo tratamiento para estos pacientes. Conclusión: Éste es el primero que se lleva a cabo en España (AU)


Background and objective: Rendu-Osler’s disease (RO) is a rare systemic vascular disorder due to a fibrovascular dysplasia in the endothelium of vessels. Recurrent epistaxis is the main clinical manifestation, but arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can involve many organs, including the liver. Hepatic involvement can develop refractory heart failure due to large shunts between the hepatic veins and the hepatic artery. Embolization and hepatic artery ligation have also demonstrated to reduce cardiac output in RO, but these therapeutic options have significant morbidity and complications such as necrosis or liver failure. Case report: Report the case of a 48 years old woman diagnosed in 1987 with RO and significant hepatic involvement, with multiple fistulas between veins and hepatic artery. In the following years she developed progressive heart failure that limited her quality of life. Results: She was admitted on more times with heart failure and her dyspnea worsened progressively up to NYHA IV. At this time, an echocardiograph control showed an output cardiac about 10.6l/min. On December 2004, although the medical treatment, the worsening of the patient went on, so we finally decided to conduct a liver transplant that resolved the symptoms and the hyperdynamic circulation. Despite the fact that liver transplant has become without doubt into the best treatment for these patients in the last years. Conclusions: This is the first one done in Spain. There are different therapies available for these patients, but the indications for transplantation are greater each day, mainly due to the risks of the other options. Currently the stated guidelines are heart failure and portal hypertension refractory to medical treatment. So in these situations, liver transplantation should be proposed in the early stages of the disease and may be the only viable option (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/cirurgia , Transplante de Fígado/métodos , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/complicações , Artéria Hepática/patologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia
5.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 135(12): 552-5, 2010 Oct 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20627321

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Rendu-Osler's disease (RO) is a rare systemic vascular disorder due to a fibrovascular dysplasia in the endothelium of vessels. Recurrent epistaxis is the main clinical manifestation, but arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can involve many organs, including the liver. Hepatic involvement can develop refractory heart failure due to large shunts between the hepatic veins and the hepatic artery. Embolization and hepatic artery ligation have also demonstrated to reduce cardiac output in RO, but these therapeutic options have significant morbidity and complications such as necrosis or liver failure. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 48 years old woman diagnosed in 1987 with RO and significant hepatic involvement, with multiple fistulas between veins and hepatic artery. In the following years she developed progressive heart failure that limited her quality of life. RESULTS: She was admitted on more times with heart failure and her dyspnea worsened progressively up to NYHA IV. At this time, an echocardiograph control showed an output cardiac about 10.6l/min. On December 2004, although the medical treatment, the worsening of the patient went on, so we finally decided to conduct a liver transplant that resolved the symptoms and the hyperdynamic circulation. Despite the fact that liver transplant has become without doubt into the best treatment for these patients in the last years. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first one done in Spain. There are different therapies available for these patients, but the indications for transplantation are greater each day, mainly due to the risks of the other options. Currently the stated guidelines are heart failure and portal hypertension refractory to medical treatment. So in these situations, liver transplantation should be proposed in the early stages of the disease and may be the only viable option.


Assuntos
Fístula Arteriovenosa/etiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/etiologia , Transplante de Fígado , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/complicações , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/cirurgia , Feminino , Artéria Hepática/anormalidades , Veias Hepáticas/anormalidades , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Radiografia Abdominal , Espanha , Telangiectasia Hemorrágica Hereditária/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X
6.
Arch. bronconeumol. (Ed. impr.) ; 45(7): 352-355, jul. 2009. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-74204

RESUMO

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 40 años diagnosticada de enfermedad pulmonar intersticial secundaria a la administración crónica de nitrofurantoína. A pesar de la grave desestructuración de la arquitectura bronquiolar y una tomografía computarizada de tórax que confirmó la presencia de panalización, la biopsia transbronquial mostró un patrón de neumonitis intersticial aguda-subaguda y el cuadro clínico y radiológico se resolvió en el plazo de un mes tras la administración de prednisona. Este caso pone de manifiesto que la enfermedad pulmonar inducida por nitrofurantoína puede llegar a ser una entidad benigna con respuesta favorable a los corticoides, incluso en el caso de que haya datos radiológicos de fibrosis pulmonar establecida. La biopsia transbronquial podría ser una prueba útil para evaluar la reversibilidad de las lesiones pulmonares asociadas a la nitrofurantoína(AU)


We report the case of a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with interstitial lung disease due to long-term nitrofurantoin therapy. Despite severely distorted bronchiolar architecture and honeycombing confirmed by computed tomography of the thorax, transbronchial biopsy showed a pattern of acute/subacute interstitial pneumonitis and the symptoms and radiographic findings disappeared within 1 month after administration of prednisone. This case shows that nitrofurantoin-induced lung disease may run a benign course and respond favorably to corticosteroids, even when there is radiographic evidence of established lung fibrosis. Transbronchial biopsy might be useful for assessing the reversibility of pulmonary lesions associated with nitrofurantoin(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nitrofurantoína , Nitrofurantoína/análise , Nitrofurantoína/farmacologia , Pneumopatias , Biópsia , Corticosteroides , Pneumonia , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/complicações , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/radioterapia , Relatos de Casos
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