[Expert recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in the prison setting]. / Recomendaciones de expertos sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hepatitis C crónica en el medio penitenciario.

The prevalence of HCV infection in Spanish prisons is very high (38.5%). The characteristics of the infected patients, particularly the high rate of HIV coinfection, makes it very likely that the morbidity and mortality produced by serious liver disease secondary to this infection will increase considerably in the coming years. A group of Spanish experts with experience in patients who are inmates has been invited to establish a series of recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in Spanish prisons.

Recomendaciones de expertos sobre el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hepatitis C crónica en el medio penitenciario / Expert recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in the prison setting

La prevalencia de la infección por el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) en las prisiones españolas es muy elevada (38,5%). Las características de los pacientes infectados, especialmente la elevada coinfección con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), hacen probable que la morbilidad y mortalidad producida por enfermedad hepática grave secundaria a esta infección aumente de forma considerable en los próximos años. Un grupo de expertos multidisciplinar con experiencia con pacientes internados en prisiones españolas ha sido invitado a establecer una serie de recomendaciones para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la hepatitis C en las prisiones españolas

The prevalence of HCV infection in Spanish prisons is very high (38.5%). The characteristics of the infected patients, particularly the high rate of HIV coinfection, makes it very likely that the morbidity and mortality produced by serious liver disease secondary to this infection will increase considerably in the coming years. A group of Spanish experts with experience in patients who are inmates has been invited to establish a series of recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection in Spanish prisons

Lamivudina / Lamivudine

No disponible

No disponible

Hernia de hiato mixta gigante con inclusión de colon transverso / Giant colonic hernia with incarcetarion of transverse colon

No disponible

[Massive abdominal vein thrombosis with acute liver failure and toxic megacolon as onset of ulcerative colitis]. / Trombosis venosa masiva abdominal con insuficiencia hepática aguda y megacolon tóxico como presentación de colitis ulcerosa.

The prevalence of systemic thromboembolic complications is higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in the general population. This hypercoagulable state is due to an increased production of procoagulant substances proportionally related to the inflammatory activity of the disease, although recent reports have focused on the presence of inherited thrombophilic disorders in this entity. We present the case of a 32-year-old woman with no relevant medical history who presented with massive abdominal vein thrombosis, including suprahepatic, portal, splenic and superior mesenteric veins, and secondary acute liver failure in her first ulcerative colitis flare and who later developed toxic megacolon requiring emergency total colectomy despite steroids and cyclosporine. Anticoagulant therapy achieved complete resolution of suprahepatic thrombosis and partial resolution in the splenic and superior mesenteric veins, with final cavernous transformation of the portal vein.

[Hepatoportal sclerosis and liver angiosarcoma: an infrequent association with a possible common etiology]. / Esclerosis hepatoportal y angiosarcoma hepático: una asociación infrecuente y una posible etiología común.

Hepatoportal sclerosis is characterized by fibrosis of the intima of the portal vein and its branches leading to the development of presinusoidal portal hypertension. We describe the case of a 58-year-old woman with idiopathic hepatoportal sclerosis, who was admitted to our service due to impairment of liver function, with rapid clinical worsening and finally the development of multiorgan failure. Autopsy showed a diffuse liver angiosarcoma with splenic metastases. The patient had no history of domestic or occupational exposure to substances involved in the development of hepatoportal sclerosis or liver angiosarcoma. The development of liver angiosarcoma in a patient with hepatoportal sclerosis is exceptional, even though both diseases may have a common etiology.

Trombosis venosa masiva abdominal con insuficiencia hepática aguda y megacolon tóxico como presentación de colitis ulcerosa / Massive abdominal vein thrombosis with acute liver failure and toxic megacolon as onset of ulcerative colitis

Los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) presentan una prevalencia superior de complicaciones tromboembólicas sistémicas que la población general. Este estado de hipercoagulabilidad se debe a una producción excesiva de sustancias procoagulantes relacionada proporcionalmente con la actividad de la enfermedad, aunque ciertas publicaciones recientes han revelado un número creciente de mutaciones genéticas predisponentes a la trombofilia en estos enfermos. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 32 años, sin antecedentes patológicos de interés, en la que su primer brote de EII se presentó clínicamente como una trombosis venosa masiva abdominal (que afectaba a las venas suprahepáticas, porta, esplénica y mesentérica superior), con una insuficiencia hepática aguda y el desarrollo posterior de un megacolon tóxico, a pesar de la administración de esteroides y ciclosporina, por lo que se realizó a la paciente una colectomía total urgente. La anticoagulación consiguió la resolución completa de la trombosis de las venas suprahepáticas y parcial de la esplénica y mesentérica superior, con transformación cavernomatosa de la porta

The prevalence of systemic thromboembolic complications is higher in patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in the general population. This hypercoagulable state is due to an increased production of procoagulant substances proportionally related to the inflammatory activity of the disease, although recent reports have focused on the presence of inherited thrombophilic disorders in this entity. We present the case of a 32-year-old woman with no relevant medical history who presented with massive abdominal vein thrombosis, including suprahepatic, portal, splenic and superior mesenteric veins, and secondary acute liver failure in her first ulcerative colitis flare and who later developed toxic megacolon requiring emergency total colectomy despite steroids and cyclosporine. Anticoagulant therapy achieved complete resolution of suprahepatic thrombosis and partial resolution in the splenic and superior mesenteric veins, with final cavernous transformation of the portal vein

Esclerosis hepatoportal y angiosarcoma hepático: una asociación infrecuente y una posible etiología común / Hepatoportal sclerosis and liver angiosarcoma: an infrequent association with a possible common etiology

La esclerosis hepatoportal es una enfermedad caracterizada por la fibrosis de la íntima de la vena porta y de sus ramas, que conduce al desarrollo de hipertensión portal presinusoidal. A continuación describimos el caso de una paciente de 58 años de edad, diagnosticada de esclerosis hepatoportal idiopática, que ingresó en nuestro servicio por presentar un deterioro de la función hepática, con un rápido empeoramiento clínico y el desarrollo de un fallo multiorgánico. El estudio de la necropsia demostró la presencia de un angiosarcoma hepático difuso con metástasis esplénicas. La paciente no presentaba antecedentes de exposición a sustancias de riesgo para el desarrollo de esclerosis hepatoportal ni angiosarcoma hepático en su entorno laboral y doméstico. El desarrollo de un angiosarcoma hepático sobre una esclerosis hepatoportal es un hecho excepcional a pesar de que ambas enfermedades poseen una posible etiología común

Hepatoportal sclerosis is characterized by fibrosis of the intima of the portal vein and its branches leading to the development of presinusoidal portal hypertension. We describe the case of a 58-year-old woman with idiopathic hepatoportal sclerosis, who was admitted to our service due to impairment of liver function, with rapid clinical worsening and finally the development of multiorgan failure. Autopsy showed a diffuse liver angiosarcoma with splenic metastases. The patient had no history of domestic or occupational exposure to substances involved in the development of hepatoportal sclerosis or liver angiosarcoma. The development of liver angiosarcoma in a patient with hepatoportal sclerosis is exceptional, even though both diseases may have a common etiology

[Acute pancreatitis with fluid collections complicated with cutaneous fistula]. / Pancreatitis aguda necrotizante con colecciones líquidas complicadas con fístulas cutáneas.

The presence of acute fluid collections is an habitual event in an acute pancreatitis, generally followed by a favourable outcome. We present a case about an ancient woman suffering from an acute necrotizing pancreatitis with tense fluid collections that produced espontaneously several cutaneous fistula. We find no report on literature about this uncommon complication. We revised clinical management of acute fluid collections and pancreatic fistulas.

Liver transplantation for fulminant and subfulminant hepatic failure.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to assess the long-term course and outcome after liver transplantation (LTX) for fulminant/subfulminant hepatic failure (FSHF) to determine which factors relate to outcome. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between April 1990 and October 2002, 30 adult patients with FSHF underwent LTX. King's College criteria were used to decide which patients needed LTX. Pretransplantation parameters (age, sex, degree of hepatic encephalopathy, etiology, and time between onset of symptoms and LTX) were examined as risk factors for LTX outcome. RESULTS: Mean age at LTX was 40.4+/-13.9 years and 46.7% were men. The most frequent causes of FSHF were virus B in 23.3%, autoimmune hepatitis in 23.3%, and cryptogenic in 20%. Fifty percent of the patients with a survival longer than 15 days suffered episodes of acute rejection; chronic rejection occurred in 25%. One- and five-year patient and allograft survival rates for FSHF were 56.3% and 54.7%, respectively. Autoimmune hepatitis was the only factor associated with better posttransplantation outcome, although there were no differences in posttransplant course. Patient survival rates increased during the study period. During the first 5 years (1990-1995) the survival rates were 53.3% (1-year and 5-year), whereas they were 60% at 1 and 5 years in the second interval (1996-2002). CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate of FSHF is high during the first year post-LTX. LTX for FSHF of autoimmune etiology showed better outcomes with increasing patient survival rates during the study period.

Liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis: fulminant versus chronic hepatitis presentation.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyse long-term outcomes of patients with liver transplantation for autoimmune hepatitis and to determine if fulminant/subfulminant hepatic failure (FSHF) at presentation was a predictor of outcome after ortothopic liver transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between April 1990 and October 2002, 18 patients with autoimmune hepatitis underwent 21 liver transplants. Three patients were excluded because of coexisting causes of hepatitis. Seven patients had FSHF and eight patients had chronic disease. The initial immunosuppressive regimen was cyclosporine based in 80%, and all but one patient received steroids or azathioprine. RESULTS: Mean age at time of transplant was 44.2+/-15.5 years. Patients were followed for 38.9+/-29.6 months. Five patients (33.3%) had seven episodes of acute rejection (two steroid-resistant). Three patients developed chronic rejection. One patient displayed histologically proven recurrent autoimmune hepatitis. Actuarial patient and graft survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 80% and 56% and 78.6% and 51%, respectively. No differences in the clinical characteristics of the patients, rates of acute or chronic rejection episodes, end biliary or arterial complications were observed between FSHF and chronic autoimmune hepatitis. The study suggests a better survival for autoimmune FSHF (P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplant is indicated for patients displaying autoimmune chronic liver disease and FSHF with similar clinical courses at however, patients with FSHF at presentation had better survivals.

Pancreatitis aguda necrotizante con colecciones líquidas complicadas con fístulas cutáneas / Acute pancreatitis with fluid collections complicated with cutaneous fistula

La formación de colecciones líquidas peripancreáticas en el seno de una pancreatitis aguda es una complicación frecuente con buena evolución en la mayoría de los casos. Presentamos el caso de una mujer con pancreatitis aguda grave con colecciones líquidas a tensión que produjeron de manera espontánea fístulas cutáneas múltiples. No hemos encontrado datos en la literatura acerca de esta excepcional complicación. Revisamos el manejo terapéutico de las colecciones líquidas y fístulas pancreáticas (AU)