Peptides derived from growth factors: Exploring their diverse impact from antimicrobial properties to neuroprotection.

Growth factor-derived peptides are bioactive molecules that play a crucial role in various physiological processes within the human body. Over the years, extensive research has revealed their diverse applications, ranging from antimicrobial properties to their potential in neuroprotection and treating various diseases. These peptides exhibit innate immune responses and have been found to possess potent antimicrobial properties against a wide range of pathogens. Growth factor-derived peptides have demonstrated the ability to promote neuronal survival, prevent cell death, and stimulate neural regeneration. As a result, they hold immense promise in the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis, as well as in the management of traumatic brain injuries. Moreover, growth factor-derived peptides have shown potential for supporting tissue repair and wound healing processes. By enhancing cell proliferation and migration, these peptides contribute to the regeneration of damaged tissues and promote a more efficient healing response. The applications of growth factor-derived peptides extend beyond their therapeutic potential in health; they also have a role in various disease conditions. For example, researchers have explored their influence on cancer cells, where some peptides have demonstrated anti-cancer properties, inhibiting tumor growth and promoting apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, their immunomodulatory properties have been investigated for potential applications in autoimmune disorders. Despite the immense promise shown by growth factor-derived peptides, some challenges need to be addressed. Nevertheless, ongoing research and advancements in biotechnology offer promising avenues to overcome these obstacles. The review summarizes the foundational biology of growth factors and the intricate signaling pathways in various physiological processes as well as diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular ailments, and metabolic syndromes.

A comparative analysis of RCC and composite buildings using the new plastic deformation (PD) method.

Low computational efficiency and non-linearity behaviour make the simulation of the overall building structure problematic to attain with a single dynamic or static method. Thus, this paper uses a plastic deformation (PD) method based on concrete plasticity theory (CPT) for comparative analysis of multi-storey reinforcement cement concrete (RCC) and composite buildings under common and rare earthquake loads. For this purpose, a 15-storey tall building was selected for analysis using ABAQUS software. At first, a possible building model was created and then plastic deformation analysis was performed using the new PD method under both common and rare earthquakes. After that, a nonlinear time history analysis was conducted, and the results of plastic strain distribution, lateral displacement, peak acceleration, storey stiffness, shear force, storey drift, normalised shear, and top deflection of the RCC and composite buildings were studied deeply. The fundamental time period of the RCC model was found to be 5.2 s while the fundamental time period of the composite model was 6 s. Under common and rare earthquake leads, the peak acceleration of the RCC building was 19% and 22% higher than composite buildings, respectively. Under common and rare seismic loads, the top deflections of the composite building were 33% and 36% higher than those of RCC buildings, respectively. In the case of the RCC building, it was found in this study that higher peak acceleration (PA) of the ground motion led to higher storey top displacement, storey drift, shear force and top deflection under both ground motions. Numerical results suggested that the use of composite structure is more durable than RCC structure. It was also concluded that the PD method could also be effectively used for the analysis of RCC and composite buildings under dynamic loads.

Phenotype and function of smooth muscle cells derived from the human normal great saphenous vein in response to hypoxia.

OBJECTIVE: The contribution of hypoxia to the pathophysiology of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) has not yet been fully elucidated. This study evaluated the effect of hypoxia on the phenotype and function of SMCs derived from the human normal great saphenous veins (NGSVs). METHODS: Fifteen NGSV tissue samples were collected. SMCs were isolated and cultured. Proliferation, migration, adhesion, senescence, and the structure of cytoskeletal filaments in SMCs were observed. mRNA and protein expression of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-3, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, MMP-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1, and TIMP-2 was detected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting in the cobalt chloride (CoCl2) and the control groups. RESULTS: A decrease in the number of cytoskeletal filaments was observed. mRNA and protein expression of Bas and caspase-3 was significantly decreased, while the quantity of proliferation, migration, adhesion, senescence, and mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in SMCs in the CoCl2 group were significantly increased compared with the control group. CONCLUSION: Under hypoxic conditions, the phenotype and function of SMCs derived from the human NGSVs were dysregulated, suggesting that VSMCs switch from the contractile phenotype to the secretory or synthetic phenotype, and more dedifferentiate, resulting in extracellular matrix deposition and apoptotic decrease through the intrinsic pathway.

2022 Country Report on Medical Rehabilitation Services, Quality and Safety in Health Care System / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo analyze the medical services, quality and safety of rehabilitation medicine departments in general hospitals and rehabilitation hospitals in 2021 in perspectives of structure, segment and outcome quality. MethodsWe analyzed the data from National Clinical Improvement System of the National Health Commission, involving 9 328 hospitals, including all secondary and above general hospitals and rehabilitation hospitals, as well as traditional Chinese Medicine hospitals and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine hospitals in 2021. A total of 2 513 sampling hospitals that equipped with rehabilitation wards were included. ResultsAmong the 9 328 general hospitals surveyed this year, only 2 713 had rehabilitation wards. In general hospitals, the average number of physicians per bed in 56.77% hospitals, the average number of rehabilitation therapists per bed in 80.36% hospitals, and the average number of nurses per bed in 53.53% hospitals did not meet the national requirements, and the average number of rehabilitation medical personnel per bed in rehabilitation medicine departments in different regions was significantly different. The rates of early rehabilitation intervention were 13.45%, 20.67% and 29.74% respectively in department of orthopedics, department of neurology and intensive care units in general hospitals. The average improvement rate of activities of daily living of discharged patients was 77.87% in rehabilitation department of general hospitals, and 69.01% in rehabilitation hospitals. ConclusionIn 2021, professional medical services, quality and safety of rehabilitation medicine in China have improved steadily. However, most general hospitals in China still have not configured the rehabilitation wards, and there are problems such as the total number of rehabilitation medical personnel in the country does not meet the requirements, early rehabilitation intervention is significantly insufficient, and the implementation of important evaluation and therapies is deficient. The effect of rehabilitation still needs to improve. It is necessary to continuously promote capacity building of the medical rehabilitation to improve the quality of medical rehabilitation services.

Liver transplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis / 器官移植

Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is a common zoonotic endemic parasitic disease in western China. It lacks of typical clinical manifestations in the early stage, and symptoms become prominent during the end stage, with an alarmingly high mortality rate. Among the treatment of end-stage HAE (es-HAE), orthotopic liver transplantation is almost the only radical treatment due to insufficient remnant liver volume, uncontrollable bleeding and difficulty in vascular reconstruction in vivo. However, the shortage of donor liver and long-term postoperative use of immunosuppressants limit its application. The introduction of ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) resolves this dilemma and significantly broadens the indications of es-HAE. In addition, multiple centers in China have optimized and modified ELRA to further improve the treatment system of es-HAE. At present, liver transplantation (including ELRA) of es-HAE remains a hot topic for clinicians. In this article, orthotopic liver transplantation, ELRA, auxiliary ELRA and other surgical treatment of es-HAE were reviewed, aiming to further enhance the diagnosis and treatment of es-HAE and improve clinical prognosis of the patients.

Advances in research of biological functions of Isthmin-1.

Isthmin-1 (ISM1) was initially thought to be a brain secretory factor, but with the development of technical means of research and the refinement of animal models, numerous studies have shown that this molecule is expressed in multiple tissues, suggesting that it may have multiple biological functions. As a factor that regulates growth and development, ISM1 is expressed in different animals with spatial and temporal variability and can coordinate the normal development of multiple organs. Recent studies have found that under the dependence of a non-insulin pathway, ISM1 can lower blood glucose, inhibit insulin-regulated lipid synthesis, promote protein synthesis, and affect the body's glucolipid and protein metabolism. In addition, ISM1 plays an important role in cancer development by promoting apoptosis and anti-angiogenesis, and by regulating multiple inflammatory pathways to influence the body's immune response. The purpose of this paper is to summarize relevant research results from recent years and to describe the key features of the biological functions of ISM1. We aimed to provide a theoretical basis for the study of ISM1 related diseases, and potential therapeutic strategies. The main biological functions of ISM1. Current studies on the biological functions of ISM1 focus on growth and development, metabolism, and anticancer treatment. During embryonic development, ISM1 is dynamically expressed in the zebrafish, African clawed frog, chick, mouse, and human, is associated with craniofacial malformations, abnormal heart localization, and hematopoietic dysfunction. ISM1 plays an important role in regulating glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and protein metabolism in the body. ISM1 affects cancer development by regulating cellular autophagy, angiogenesis, and the immune microenvironment.

Study on the relationship between SlRTl and oxidative stress in aged patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer cycles.

PURPOSE: Oxidative stress (OS) has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of fertility reduction in aged patient. Silent Information Regulator 1 (SIRT1) is involved in antioxidant defense and also plays a role in regulation ovarian function. The purpose of this study was to evaluate SIRT1 and OS markers in follicular fluid (FF) and granulosa cells (GCs) for aged patient undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: This single-center prospective cohort study was performed from May 2020 to October 2021, including 92 patients undergoing IVF/ICSI at authors' institute. The patients were grouped by age, including group A (< 35 year, n = 28, age range 24-29), group B (35-40 year, n = 33, age range 35-40), and group C (> 40 year, n = 31, age range 41-47). The outcomes included in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) results, OS markers and SIRT1 levels. RESULTS: Women in group B and group C had a significantly lower estradiol (E2) in the trigger day, retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, two pronuclei (2PN) and Day3 available embryos than group A. Women in group C had a significantly lower implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate than group A. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and SIRT1 levels were lower in FF of the group B and group C, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) level was higher than that in the group A. Moreover, the MDA levels were correlated negatively with SIRT1 (r = -0.422, P=0.001),while the SOD and GSH-Px was positively correlated with SIRT1 (r = 0.409, P = 0.001 and r = 0.526, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The oxidative stress may be related to the decrease of SIRT1 in aged patients undergoing IVF-ET.

Systematic review and Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Kushen Gelatum combined with antibiotics in treatment of bacterial vaginosis / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Kushen Gelatum combined with antibiotics for treating bacterial vaginosis. The randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Kushen Gelatum for treating bacterial vaginosis were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, and Cochrane Library with the time interval from inception to January 2023. Data were extracted from the included RCT by 2 investigators, including the sample size, characteristics of patients, interventions and controls, outcome indicators, and adverse effects. The Cochrane collaboration network's bias risk assessment tool was used for methodolo-gical quality evaluation of the included trials. RevMan 5.4 was employed to perform the Meta-analysis. A total of 19 RCTs were inclu-ded, involving 1 980 patients with bacterial vaginosis. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with nitroimidazoles alone, Kushen Gelatum + nitroimidazoles improved the total response rates in terms of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests(RR=1.24, 95%CI[1.13, 1.36], P<0.000 01), laboratory tests(RR=1.16, 95%CI[1.06, 1.26], P=0.000 9), and clinical symptoms(RR=1.26, 95%CI[1.08, 1.46], P=0.003), and reduced the leukocyte esterase positive rate(RR=0.29, 95%CI[0.17, 0.48], P<0.000 01) and the recurrence rate(RR=0.37, 95%CI[0.23, 0.58], P<0.000 1). Compared with lincomycin antibiotics(clindamycin) alone, Kushen Gelatum + lincomycin antibiotics(clindamycin) improved the total response rates in terms of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests(RR=1.18, 95%CI[1.06, 1.31], P=0.003) and laboratory tests(RR=1.27, 95%CI[1.04, 1.54], P=0.02), reduced the recurrence rate(RR=0.20, 95%CI[0.05, 0.75], P=0.02), and shortened the time to relief of burning sensation(MD=-1.70, 95%CI[-2.15,-1.26], P<0.000 01), vaginal itching(MD=-0.82, 95%CI[-1.30,-0.34], P=0.000 8), and abnormal leucorrhea(MD=-1.52, 95%CI[-1.98,-1.06], P<0.000 01). Compared with nitroimidazoles + probiotics, Kushen Gelatum + nitroimidazoles + probiotics improved the total response rate in terms of clinical symptoms and laboratory tests(RR=1.18, 95%CI[1.02, 1.36], P=0.03) and reduced the recurrence rate(RR=0.27, 95%CI[0.09, 0.76], P=0.01). Kushen Gelatum combined with antibiotics demonstrates a potential therapeutic effect on bacterial vaginosis, whereas the number and quality of the relevant clinical studies remain to be improved. The process of clinical trial should be standardized to improve the quality of evidence, so as to provide strong evidence to guide the application of Kushen Gelatum in clinical practice.

On-demand integrated nano-engager converting cold tumors to hot via increased DNA damage and dual immune checkpoint inhibition

Cancer immunotherapy has become a promising strategy. However, the effectiveness of immunotherapy is restricted in "cold tumors" characterized with insufficient T cells intratumoral infiltration and failed T cells priming. Herein, an on-demand integrated nano-engager (JOT-Lip) was developed to convert cold tumors to hot via "increased DNA damage and dual immune checkpoint inhibition" strategy. JOT-Lip was engineered by co-loading oxaliplatin (Oxa) and JQ1 into liposomes with T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 antibodies (Tim-3 mAb) coupled on the liposomal surface by metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2)-sensitive linker. JQ1 inhibited DNA repair to increase DNA damage and immunogenic cell death (ICD) of Oxa, thus promoting T cells intratumoral infiltration. In addition, JQ1 inhibited PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, achieving dual immune checkpoint inhibition combining with Tim-3 mAb, thus effectively promoting T cells priming. It is demonstrated that JOT-Lip not only increased DNA damage and promoted the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), but also enhanced T cells intratumoral infiltration and promoted T cell priming, which successfully converted cold tumors to hot and showed significant anti-tumor and anti-metastasis effects. Collectively, our study provides a rational design of an effective combination regimen and an ideal co-delivery system to convert cold tumors to hot, which holds great potential in clinical cancer chemoimmunotherapy.

Effects and clinical significance of NLRP3 inflammasome activated by IL-17A in CRSwNP / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects and clinical significance of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activated by interleukin (IL)-17A in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). Methods: Patients underwent nasal endoscopic surgery in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2020 to December 2021 were collected, including 28 CRSwNP (including 19 males and 9 females, aged 19 to 67 years), 22 chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and 22 controls. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of IL-17A, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 in the three groups, and their correlations were analyzed. The positions of IL-17A, NLRP3 and IL-18 in nasal polys were analyzed by immunofluorescence. Western Blotting and ELISA were employed to detect the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 in the human nasal epithelial cells after using IL-17A stimulation or IL-17A receptor inhibitor. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 protein expression after IL-17A stimulating human nasal epithelial cells, and after the use of IL-17A receptor inhibitor and NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950. The correlations between NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18 and CT scores, nasal endoscopic scores, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and sino-nasal outcome test (SNOT) 22 scores of CRSwNP patients were analyzed. SPSS 20.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The expressions of IL-17A, NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 in the tissues of CRSwNP patients were significantly higher than those in CRSsNP group(P=0.018,P<0.001,P=0.005, P=0.016) and the control group(all P<0.001). IL-17A was positively correlated with the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18(r ralue was 0.643,0.650,0.629,respectively, all P<0.05). IL-17A, NLRP3, and IL-18 were co-localized in the epithelial propria of polyp tissue. IL-17A stimulated the expressions of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 in human nasal epithelial cells. After the use of IL-17A receptor inhibitor, the expressions of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18 were significantly down-regulated. After the use of NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, IL-17A was significantly down-regulated to promote the expression of NLRP3, IL-1β, and IL-18. The expressions of NLRP3, IL-1β and IL-18 were positively correlated with CT, nasal endoscopy, VAS, and SNOT22 scores in patients with CRSwNP. Conclusions: IL-17A promotes the release of IL-1β and IL-18 by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome and aggravates the severity of the disease in CRSwNP.

Exploration and practice of research-based audit in the management of multi-campus infrastructure projects in public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Internal auditing for infrastructure projects carried at multi-campuses of a hospital to support hospital strategic growth, is a crucial means in raising the business performance and capacity. A public hospital made a research-based audit to examine infrastructure projects across multi-campuses since 2021. At the pre-trial stage, the audit plan was created in a " two-coordination" manner to define the scope of authority and responsibility of audit objectives; at the in-trial stage, audit priorities were focused on in advance through intelligent early warning, and full-course audit guidance and quality control was made through online real-time audit operation system; at the post-trial stage, efforts were focused on resolving problems, summarizing audit findings. The authors introduced the practice of the hospital and further explained the specific application methods and achievements through case analysis, providing reference for internal audit of infrastructure projects in multi-campus hospitals, for reference in likewise internal auditing.

Virtual reality training can effectively improve the cognitive functioning and functional fitness of persons with subjective cognitive decline / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe any effect of virtual reality (VR) training on the cognitive functioning and functional fitness of nursing home residents with subjective cognitive decline (SCD).Methods:Fifty-six of such residents were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, each of 28. Both groups received health education and routine care, but the observation group was additionally provided with 45 minutes of VR training three times a week for 6 months. The training included Baduanjin, magic, flying bird, supermarket shopping, gravity ball and gym episodes. Both groups′ cognition was evaluated using the subjective cognitive decline questionnaire (SCD-Q), the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (second edition) (RBMT-Ⅱ), a digit symbol substitution test (DSST), an animal fluency test (AFT) and trail-making test A-B (TMT A-B). Functional fitness was quantified using the 8-foot up-and-go test (8UGT), a 30-second arm curl test (30sACT), a 30-second chair stand test (30sCST), a back scratching test (BST), the sit-and-reach test (CSRT) and a 2-minute step test (2MST) before and after the 6-month intervention.Results:After the intervention, the average SCD-Q, MoCA, RBMT-Ⅱ, DSST, TMT-A, and TMT-B scores of the observation group were significantly better than before the intervention, and significantly better than the control group′s averages. And except for the back scratching their functional results were also significantly better, on average, than those of the control group.Conclusions:VR training can effectively improve the cognition and functional fitness of nur-sing home residents with SCD. Such training is worthy of promotion and wider application in nursing homes.

The effects of combining virtual reality training with aromatherapy on Alzheimer′s disease patients in a nursing home / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore any effects of combining virtual reality training with aromatherapy in caring for Alzheimer′s disease patients in a nursing home.Methods:Fifty nursing home residents with Alzheimer′s were divided at random into an observation group and a control group, each of 25. Both groups received routine rehabilitation, while the observation group was additionally given 45 minutes of virtual reality training combined with aromatherapy, 3 times a week for 6 months. Both groups′ cognition was then evaluated using the MMSE and an Alzheimer′s cognition assessment scale (ADAS-cog). Psycho-behavioral symptoms were quantified using the Alzheimer′s disease pathological behavior scale (BEHAVE-AD). Motor functioning was quantified using the timed up and go test (TUGT), the 30-second sit-to-stand test (30sCST), the 30-second arm curl test (30sACT) and the sit-and-reach test (CSRT). Ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) and life quality were quantified using the activity of daily living scale and of the quality of life scale for Alzheimer′s disease (QOL-AD) before and after the intervention.Results:After the intervention the average MMSE, ADAS-cog, BEHAVE-AD and ADL scores of both groups had improved significantly, with the average improvement in the observation group significantly greater than that in the control group. The TUGT, 30sCST, 30sACT and CSRT results of both groups were also significantly better, with those of the observation group again significantly superior, on average, to the control group′s results. The average QOL-AD score in the observation was significantly improved after the intervention, and was then significantly better than the control group′s average.Conclusions:Virtual reality training combined with aromatherapy can significantly improve the cognition, psycho-behavioral symptoms, activity in daily living, motor functioning and life quality of Alzheimer′s patients in a nursing home. It is worthy of promotion and application in nursing homes.

A modal study of the effect of adjusting density exposure steps on image quality and radiation dose in digital mammography / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of adjusting density exposure steps on image quality and radiation dose in digital mammography.Methods:Using the automatic exposure control (AEC) mode of the digital mammography machine, five different gland thicknesses of 4.3, 5.3, 6.3, 7.3, and 8.3 cm were simulated by attaching 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 PMMA plexiglass plates under the RMI-156 modal body, and the density exposure steps were adjusted to -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 for each thickness. The target/filter combination, tube voltage, tube current, incident body surface dose (ESD), incident surface air kerma (ESAK), half-value layer (HVL) and the average glandular dose displayed by the device (displayed AGD) were recorded at each step and thickness, and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), figure of merit (FOM) and the calculated average glandular dose (calculated AGD) were calculated. Then, the display effects of simulated fibers, simulated calcifications and simulated masses within the modal body were scored subjectively, and the changes in image quality and radiation dose at different steps were analyzed, and the relationships between ESD and ESAK, displayed AGD and calculated AGD, and displayed AGD/ESD and calculated AGD/ESAK were analyzed. A linear fit was used for the steps with SNR, CNR, and FOM, and an exponential function curve fit was used for the steps with mAs, ESAK, and calculated AGD. The differences between ESD and ESAK, displayed AGD and calculated AGD, and displayed AGD/ESD and calculated AGD/ESAK were analyzed by paired-samples t test. Results:The CNR and SNR of mammographic images rose and fell by about 8% with each increase or decrease of one step. The scores of image simulated fibers, simulated calcifications, and simulated masses showed an overall upward trend with increasing steps, but there were still cases where the scores decreased with increasing grades. FOM varied from 97% to 104% at each grade with little variability. ESD, ESAK, displayed AGD, and calculated AGD, which could measure radiation dose, showed an exponential trend of increasing function with increasing steps, with a variation of about 63% to 165%. There were statistically significant differences ( t=-9.61, P=0.001) between ESD (15.14±10.08) and ESAK (16.66±11.07). However, there were no statistically significant differences ( t=1.20, P=0.240) between displayed AGD and calculated AGD, which were 3.66±2.18 and 3.61±1.99, respectively. Conclusions:The adjustment of density exposure steps can make the image quality change linearly and the radiation dose change exponentially with increasing speed, and the mode and magnitude of the adjustment are appropriately stable with high application value.

Clinical analysis of 172 cases of neonatal death after giving up treatment / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To summarize the situation of dead newborns and their parents after parents gave up treatment, and analyze the reasons and emotional needs of parents who gave up treatment, so as to provide reference for reducing neonatal mortality and negative emotions of parents.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to collect the data of neonates and mothers who died after giving up treatment reported in Hunan Children′s Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021. The general information, perinatal risk factors, and the incidence of in-hospital diseases were analyzed. Then, semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents of newborns who died after giving up treatment from February to December 2021. Understand why parents give up treatment and their emotional needs.Results:A total of 172 newborns died after giving up were included in the analysis, including 103 males (59.88%) and 74 premature infants (43.02%); Umbilical cord, placenta and amniotic fluid abnormalities were 21 cases (12.21%), 39 cases (22.67%) and 25 cases (14.53%), respectively. Birth asphyxia was 31 cases (18.02%), including severe asphyxia in 18 cases (10.46%); There were 21 (12.21%), 35 (20.35%) and 30 (17.44%) cases of maternal infection in the third trimester, hypertension in pregnancy and diabetes in pregnancy, respectively. The top three causes of death were septicemia (18.02%), congenital malformation (16.86%) and severe pneumonia (10.47%). The main reason why parents give up treatment was that the child′s disease was critical and irreversible, and parents had strong emotional needs for hospice care in their hearts.Conclusions:There are many high risk factors of perinatal death of newborns after giving up treatment. Sepsis is the primary cause of death, and strengthening perinatal health care is fundamental. Parents have a strong demand for hospice care, so it is of practical significance to implement family-centered hospice care model for such special newborns.

Changes of high mobility group protein B1 in condyloma acuminatum and its clinical significance / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To investigate the changes and clinical significance of high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) in condyloma acuminatum (CA).Methods:Sixty four patients with initial CA(initial group) and 48 patients with recurrent CA(recurrent goup) treated in the Second Affiliated Hospital of PLA Air Force Military Medical University Hospital from January 2019 to November 2020 were included. In the same period, 31 patients who underwent circumcision and 19 female underwent sexual organ cosmetic plastic surgery were taken as the control group, and the normal foreskin and healthy vulva were collected. The expression of HMGB1 in wart was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR), and the expression of soluble apoptosis related factor ligand (sFasL), cell lymphoma-2 gene (Bcl-2), soluble apoptosis related factor (SFAS) and Survivin, caspase-3 were detected. At the same time, serum interleukin (IL) - 6, IL-17, IL-23 and tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF- α) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results:The expression of HMGB1 mRNA in the warts of patients in the initial group, recurrence group and control group were 1.96 ± 0.20, 1.53 ± 0.14, 1.05 ± 0.11, there was statistical difference ( F = 15.20, P<0.05) ; the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in the warts of patients in the initial group was significantly higher than that in the recurrence group and the control group ( P<0.05), and the recurrence group was also significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The mRNA expressions of sFas, Bcl-2, sFasL and caspase-3 in the warts of patients in the initial group were significantly lower than those in the recurrence group and the control group: 0.52 ± 0.08 vs. 0.82 ± 0.16, 1.10 ± 0.19; 0.50 ± 0.05 vs. 0.79 ± 0.13, 1.08 ± 0.21; 0.47 ± 0.06 vs. 0.81 ± 0.15, 1.01 ± 0.19; 0.35 ± 0.04 vs. 0.68 ± 0.09, 0.91 ± 0.16, P<0.05; and the recurrence group were also significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The expression of Survivin mRNA in the warts of patients in the initial group was significantly higher than those in the recurrence group and the control group: 2.14 ± 0.40 vs. 1.60 ± 0.27, 0.99 ± 0.18, P<0.05, and the recurrence group was also significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in the initial group were significantly lower than that in the recurrence group and the control group: (20.08 ± 1.95) μg/L vs. (26.93 ± 2.74), (37.65 ± 3.83) μg/L; (31.05 ± 3.24) μg/L vs. (38.13 ± 3.76), (45.98 ± 4.69) μg/L, P<0.05; and the recurrence group were also significantly lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 in the primary group were significantly higher than those in the recurrence group and the control group: (423.71 ± 28.68) ng/L vs. (384.26 ± 21.70) and (335.43 ± 19.65) ng/L; (289.50 ± 18.53) ng/L vs. (251.07 ± 15.96) and (214.67 ± 13.20) ng/L, P<0.05; and the recurrence group were also significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that the mRNA expression of HMGB1 in the warts of CA patients were negatively correlated with the mRNA expression of caspase-3, sFas, Bcl-2 and sFasL in the warts ( r = - 0.602, - 0.734, - 0.692, - 0.717, P<0.05), and was positive correlation with Survivin mRNA expression ( r = 0.645, P<0.05); and were positive correlation with the contents of IL-17 and IL-23 in serum ( r = 0.673, 0.685, P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 ( r = - 0.698, - 0.764, P<0.05). Conclusions:HMGB1 is obviously abnormal in the warts of patients with condyloma acuminatum, and is closely related to apoptosis, immune and inflammation-related factors, and may be jointly involved in the occurrence and recurrence of CA.

Risk factors of implantable venous access port-related bloodstream infections in cancer patients:a Meta-analysis / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the risk factors of implantable venous access port-related bloodstream infections and provide basis for prevention of catheter-related bloodstream infection in tumor patients.Methods:The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of science, CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP database, CBM, Chinese and English Clinical trials Registry (ChiCTR) were searched to collect the literature on risk factors for implantable venous access port-related bloodstream infections in tumor patients from the establishment of the database to April 2022. Two evaluators independently screened and extracted the obtained literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for quality evaluation. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.3 software and Stata SE/MP(14.0 version).Results:A total of 13 studies were included, including 23 related risk factors. Among them, prolonged use of catheters, palliative treatment, hematological tumors, neutropenia, hospitalized patients, and chemotherapy were risk factors for implantable venous access port-related bloodstream infections in tumor patients, with statistically significant differences ( OR values ranging from 0.26 to 8.77, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The long time of catheter use, palliative treatment, hematological tumor, neutropenia and chemotherapy were the risk factors of implantable venous access port-related bloodstream infection in patients with tumor, Medical personnel should make a good assessment and strengthen health education to minimize the chances of infection and effectively reduce the incidence of infection related to the infusion port.

Analysis of 9 cases of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To summarize the pathological diagnosis, clinical features, treatment methods and outcomes of pediatric-type follicular lymphoma (PTFL). Methods: Clinical data including the pathology, clinical features, treatment methods, and follow-up results of 9 PTFL patients admitted to Henan Cancer Hospital from February 2017 to February 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: The age of onset in 9 children was 6 to 18 years, all the patients were males. The clinical manifestation was local painless lymph node enlargement in the head and neck, with a stage of Ⅰ-Ⅱ. The histomorphological characteristics of PTFL were similar to those of classic follicular lymphoma (FL). The germinal center of most follicles were enlarged, the mantle zone disappeared, centroblasts were easily visible, and the histological grade were mostly grade Ⅲ, which may be accompanied by the "starry sky" phenomenon. Monoclonal peaks can be seen in B cell clonal rearrangements (BCR). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed CD20 positive, CD10 positive, Bcl-6 positive, Bcl-2 negative, C-myc negative, and Ki-67 was 70%-95%. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) test was negative for t (14, 18), Bcl-2 translocation, and C-myc translocation. Six cases underwent surgical resection, and 3 cases underwent surgical resection combined with chemotherapy. Up to February 2023, with a follow-up time of 45 to 72 months, all children survived without any recurrence and were in a complete remission state. Conclusions: PTFL is mainly characterized by adolescent male onset, with early clinical manifestations and pathological manifestations of high-level histological status, high proliferation index, and lack of t (14; 18)/Bcl-2 translocation and Bcl-2 expression. It is mainly treated by localized surgical excision and has a good prognosis.

Macrophage-camouflaged epigenetic nanoinducers enhance chemoimmunotherapy in triple negative breast cancer

Chemoimmunotherapy has been approved as standard treatment for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but the clinical outcomes remain unsatisfied. Abnormal epigenetic regulation is associated with acquired drug resistance and T cell exhaustion, which is a critical factor for the poor response to chemoimmunotherapy in TNBC. Herein, macrophage-camouflaged nanoinducers co-loaded with paclitaxel (PTX) and decitabine (DAC) (P/D-mMSNs) were prepared in combination with PD-1 blockade therapy, hoping to improve the efficacy of chemoimmunotherapy through the demethylation of tumor tissue. Camouflage of macrophage vesicle confers P/D-mMSNs with tumor-homing properties. First, DAC can achieve demethylation of tumor tissue and enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to PTX. Subsequently, PTX induces immunogenic death of tumor cells, promotes phagocytosis of dead cells by dendritic cells, and recruits cytotoxic T cells to infiltrate tumors. Finally, DAC reverses T cell depletion and facilitates immune checkpoint blockade therapy. P/D-mMSNs may be a promising candidate for future drug delivery design and cancer combination therapy in TNBC.

Activity and mechanism of palbinone against hepatic fibrosis and inflammation / 药学学报

The study aims to investigate the anti-hepatic fibrosis and anti-inflammatory activities of palbinone, and to explore the internal regulatory mechanism, so as to lay an active foundation for its development as an anti-non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) candidate. First, sulforhodamine B (SRB) method was used to detect the effect of palbinone on the proliferation of human hepatic stellate cells LX-2 and rat hepatic stellate cells HSC-T6. Following, in the in vitro hepatic fibrosis cell model that activated by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were used to detect the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of palbinone on the transcription level and protein expression level of hepatic fibrosis markers. And the regulating mechanism of palbinone on fibrosis-related genes was analyzed at the same time. In addition, in the inflammatory cell model that induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and nigericin, ELISA was used to detect the effect of palbinone on the released interleukin-1β (IL-1β) level. At the same time, Western blot was used to detect the effect of palbinone on the related proteins of inflammatory pathway. The results showed that palbinone could significantly inhibit the proliferation activity of LX-2 and HSC-T6, and their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values ​​were (375.11 ± 55.45) and (260.27 ± 36.81) nmol·L-1, respectively. In addition, palbinone showed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the expression levels of TGF-β1-induced fibrosis-related genes, including collagen type Ⅰ α 1 (COL1A1), TGF-β1, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1). Mechanism study showed that palbinone may decrease the expression level of Yes-associated protein (YAP), thereby weakening its activation effect on the downstream fibrosis pathway. In addition, palbinone also exerted an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the activity of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and reducing inflammatory factors cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-1 (caspase-1) and IL-1β release. In conclusion, palbinone can not only inhibit the proliferation and activation of hepatic stellate cells by inhibiting the expression of YAP, but also inhibit the expression and release of inflammatory factors at the same time. All these studies provide theoretical support for the development of palbinone as an anti-nonalcoholic steatohepatitis drug.