[Transient neonatal hypothyrosis in premature neonates]. / Tranzytornyi neonatal'nyi hipotyreoz u peredchasno narodzhenykh nemovliat.

Plasma levels were measured of T4, free T4, T3, TSH in 64 premature neonates and in 41 those born at right time during the time-related course of the neonatal period. The results secured permit regarding the thyroid hypohormonosis syndrome in premature neonates as a consequence of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis deficiency and of immaturity of the thyreostatic receptors as well. On the one hand, this promotes hypometabolism and, correspondingly, favours more economic utilization of bodily energy resources but on the other hand, such adaptation is not infrequently results in its failure and persistent thyrodeficiency, especially in very low-birth weight infants, during the whole of the neonatal period.

[The function of the hypophyseal-thyroid system in the children of Zhitomir Province living in areas polluted by the radionuclides resulting from the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / Funktsional'nyi stan hipofizarno-tyreoïdnoï systemy u ditei Zhytomyrs'koï oblasti, shcho prozhyvaiut' v raionakh, zabrudnenykh radionuklidamy vnaslidok avariï na Chornobyl's'kii AES.

A study of 1167 children (age: 7-15 years) inhabiting districts contaminated with radionuclide due to Chernobyl atomic station accident indicates that children with thyroid hyperplasia revealed high requirement and intensity of the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones that results finally in relative hormonal deficit (subclinical hypothyroidism) and thyroid hyperplasia. This is a sequel of maximum functional tension of the thyroid with impending breakdown of adaptation and this should be considered as a pathological process requiring correction, i.e. presence of subclinical hypothyroidism in children with thyroid hyperplasia requires substitution therapy with thyroid hormones.

[Hormones of the hypophyseo-adrenal system and their role in postnatal adaptation of newborns]. / Gormony épifizarno-nadpochechnikovoi sistemy i ikh rol' v postnatal'noi adaptatsii novorozhdennykh.

The levels of hormones of melatonin (MT), ACTH, aldosterone (AS) and cortisol were investigated in the blood plasma of mature and premature newborns as well as in foremilk and milk of lactating women using a radioimmunoassay. Maximum concentrations of these hormones in mature infants were noted by the 1st-3rd day, decreasing on the 5th-7th day. The same regularity was observed in premature infants (I-II degree of prematurity). Lower concentrations of these hormones were observed in very premature infants. A conclusion has been made that breast milk is an important link between a mother and an infant in terms of supplying infants with lactogenic hormones.

[The development of the reproductive system in children suffering from a severe form of diabetes mellitus]. / Stanovlenie reproduktivnoi sistemy u detei, stradaiushchikh tiazheloi formoi sakharnogo diabeta.

The levels of estrogen, estrone, estradiol, progesterone, FSH, insulin, and C-peptide were investigated in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus of various duration. Secondary sexual characters developed in time though there was no regular menstrual cycle in girls until they were 15. Retarded physical development was noted in early childhood and in disease of 10 year duration. The level of FSH in boys was twice as low in patients as in healthy ones, the level of estrogens was the same as in girls. A decrease in hypophyseal gonadotropic function with the reduced level of hormones was noted in boys and girls with a severe course of disease at the stage of decompensation. A 2-fold decrease of insulin and C-peptide was also noted in these patients.

[Characteristics of neurohumoral regulation of water-electrolyte metabolism in premature newborn infants]. / Osobennosti neirogumoral'noi reguliatsii vodno-élektrolitnogo obmena u nedonoshennykh novorozhdennykh.

RIA was used to measure the level of beta 2-microglobulin, vasopressin, natriuretic factor, prostaglandin E2 and of the components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in full-term and premature neonates in the early neonatal period. In the first days of life, regulation of water-salt metabolism was discovered to be activated, especially in highly premature neonates. The early postnatal period is the critical period of ontogenesis where extreme tension of the neurohumoral systems may lead to the adaptation failure up to destabilization of the internal medium and grave metabolic disorders.

[State of the antioxidant system in premature newborn infants during early postnatal period]. / Sostoianie antioksidantnoi sistemy nedonoshennykh novorozhdennykh v rannem postnatal'nom periode.

The main parameters of the antioxidant system--AOS (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, ceruloplasmin, estriol, estradiol) were studied in 58 normal full-term infants and in 178 premature infants in the course of the early neonatal period. In the control group, the functioning of the AOS appeared more perfect and was characterized by phasic changes in the course of the first week of life. The premature infants demonstrated functional disorganization of both enzymatic (glutathione in particular) and hormonal components of the system of antiperoxide defence. This circumstance played a substantial part in the development of polysaturated fatty acids deficiency, which determined in turn the modification of the membrane lipid content and selective loss of cell sensitivity to neuro-humoral actions and unbalance in the system of cyclic nucleotides.

[Effect of human milk enzymes on carbohydrate metabolism during adaptation of newborn infants in the early neonatal period]. / Vliianie fermentov grudnogo moloka na metabolizm uglevodov v protsesse adaptatsii novorozhdennykh v rannem neonatal'nom periode.

The total activity and isoenzymatic composition of lactic dehydrogenase (LDG), malic dehydrogenase (MDG) and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDG) were studied in the blood serum and erythrocytes of 56 premature and 18 mature newborns, as well as in colostrum and mature breast milk. The growth of the role of anaerobic glycolysis was observed at the end of the neonatal period in the mature newborns. In highly premature newborns the activity of glycolysis and pentose cycle of glucose oxidation was especially high. Isozymic spectrum of LDG evidences the prevalence of the processes of aerobic glycolysis in the premature which is unfavourable under conditions of hypoxia. The pattern of changes in the MDG spectrum denotes a low activity of reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Isoenzymatic composition of colostrum and milk is close to that in the newborn's blood. Enzymes of colostrum and milk influence carbohydrate metabolism thus producing favourable effect on the adaptation processes in the newborns.

[Role of breast feeding in providing the newborn infant with thyroid hormones]. / Rol' estestvennogo vskarmlivaniia v obespechenii organizma novorozhdennogo gormonami shchitovidnoi zhelezy.

Radioimmunoassay was conducted to study the content of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in the human milk and in the blood serum of mature and premature newborns. It was established that with the growth of the lactation period the content of triiodothyronine and thyroxine rose; it was, respectively, 0.5 +/- 0.12 and 100.3 +/- 8.4 nmol/l in colostrum, 9.2 +/- 0.7 and 271.3 +/- 14.1 nmol/l in transient milk, 11.1 +/- 1.07 and 405.0 +/- 21.4 nmol/l in fully formed milk. Fully formed milk contains three times more triiodothyronine and thyroxine than the blood serum of newborns. The mature newborns have a sufficiently formed thyroid function. The level of thyroid hormones in the blood serum of premature newborns is decreased in proportion to the stage of their prematurity. They receive the deficient hormones through the human milk. The authors recommend that the nutrition of premature newborns receiving mixed and artificial feeding should be supplemented with thyroid hormones.

[Use of adapted Maliutka and Malysh Propionibacterium acidophilus mixtures in the combined treatment of acute diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in infants]. / Primenenie propionovo-atsidofil'nykh adaptirovannykh smesei "Maliutka" i "Malysh" v kompleksnom lechenii ostrykh zabolevanii zheludochno-kishechnogo trakta u detei grudnogo vozrasta.

The efficacy of the adapted sweet, acidophilic and propionic-acidophilic mixtures Malyutka and Malysh included into a complex of therapeutic measures for acute gastroenterocolitis was studied and compared in 93 infants. The time course of gastroenterocolitis was the most favourable in children fed the propionic-acidophilic mixtures Malyutka and Malysh. As compared to children given the sweet and acidophilic mixtures Malyutka and Malysh, those fed propionic-acidophilic versions of the mixtures demonstrated more rapid elimination of the major symptoms and syndromes of disease and improvement of erythropoiesis.

[Use of propiono-acidophilus milk in the complex treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis in infants with staphylococcal infections and sepsis]. / Ispol'zovanie propionovo-atsidofil'nogo moloka v kompleksnom lechenii kishechnogo disbakterioza pri stafilokokkovoi infektsii i sepsise u detei grudnogo vozrasta.

Antistaphylococcal properties of the new lactic acid mixture propionic acidophilic milk (PAM) against the microbe isolated from feces of children suffering from staphylococcal sepsis were comparatively studied by the dilution and diffusion methods. PAM was found to have more pronounced antimicrobial properties against pathogenic staphylococcus than acidophilic milk and kefir. It is recommended to include PAM into the diet of children with intestinal dysbacteriosis.