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1.
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol ; 490: 117041, 2024 Jul 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39059505

RESUMO

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of chronic liver injury characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. This study explored the hepatoprotective mechanisms of alpha-asarone in a mouse model of chronic-binge alcohol feeding. Adult male mice were randomized into control, alcohol, and alcohol plus alpha-asarone groups. Serum aminotransferases and histopathology assessed liver injury. Oxidative stress was evaluated via malondialdehyde content, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities. Pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1ß, and IL-6 were quantified by ELISA. P53-mediated apoptosis was determined by immunohistochemistry. Key autophagy markers phospho-AMPK, AMPK, Beclin-1, LC3-I/LC3-II ratio, and LC3 were examined by immunoblotting. Alcohol administration increased serum ALT, AST and ALP, indicating hepatocellular damage. This liver dysfunction was associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, p53 expression and altered autophagy. Alpha-asarone treatment significantly decreased ALT, AST and ALP levels and improved histological architecture versus alcohol alone. Alpha-asarone also mitigated oxidative stress, reduced TNF-α, IL-1ß and IL-6 levels, ameliorated p53 overexpression and favorably modulated autophagy markers. Our findings demonstrate that alpha-asarone confers protective effects against ALD by enhancing antioxidant defenses, suppressing hepatic inflammation, regulating apoptotic signaling, and restoring autophagic flux. This preclinical study provides compelling evidence for the therapeutic potential of alpha-asarone in attenuating alcohol-induced liver injury and warrants further evaluation as a pharmacotherapy for ALD.

3.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol ; 100(4): 352-360, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34695366

RESUMO

This study investigated the molecular mechanisms by which taurine exerts its reno-protective effects in thioacetamide (TAA) - induced kidney injury in rats. Rats received taurine (100 mg/kg daily, intraperitoneally) either from day 1 of TAA injection (250 mg/kg twice weekly for 6 weeks) or after 6 weeks of TAA administration. Taurine treatment, either concomitant or later as a therapy, restored kidney functions, reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, and malondialdehyde (MDA), increased renal levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reversed the increase of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) caused by TAA. Taurine treatment also led to a significant rise in nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO-1) levels, with significant suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) gene expressions, and interleukin-18 (IL-18) and TNF-α protein levels compared with those in TAA kidney-injured rats. Taurine exhibited reno-protective potential in TAA-induced kidney injury through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Taurine antioxidant activity is accredited for its effect on Nrf-2 induction and subsequent activation of HO-1 and NQO-1. In addition, taurine exerts its anti-inflammatory effect via regulating NF-κB transcription and subsequent production of pro-inflammatory mediators via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling regulation.


Assuntos
Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2 , NF-kappa B , Animais , Rim , NADP/metabolismo , NADP/farmacologia , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Transdução de Sinais , Taurina/metabolismo , Taurina/farmacologia , Taurina/uso terapêutico , Tioacetamida/toxicidade
4.
Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol ; 16(7): 789-795, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32207350

RESUMO

PURPOSE: To develop and distribute a survey to obtain information on the awareness, accessibility and funding for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) services and devices within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). METHOD: The survey targeted three groups of people which included individuals with disabilities and their families, healthcare providers such as medical doctors and nurses and the third group included community members. Survey preparation and administration were performed online via a survey website in order to access a wide range of participants across KSA. RESULTS: Results revealed different awareness levels for AAC among the three groups (χ2 = 45.053, p < .001) with healthcare providers showing a higher degree of awareness compared to the remaining two groups. Moreover, AAC services and devices were found to be accessible within KSA, with no differences in obtaining AAC services and devices among different regions (χ2 = 14.204, p = .164). CONCLUSION: Although numerous AAC users were able to obtain AAC devices, they identified barriers including a lack of sufficient awareness of the importance, associated expenses, funding constraints and a lack of Arabization of AAC devices. Implications for RehabilitationAugmentative and alternative communication (AAC) methods allow individuals with communication difficulties to interact and socialize with those around them.The general authority of statistics in Saudi Arabia has shown that Saudi Arabia has an increased number of individuals suffering from severe to extreme communication disorders compared to other countries around the world. Consequently, the need for AAC in Saudi Arabia cannot be underestimated.This study demonstrates the importance of the awareness of AAC among different stakeholders in Saudi Arabia including AAC users, healthcare providers and community members so that individuals with communication problems can receive maximum benefit from AAC.Given that most healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia are prescribing non-tech and low-tech AAC methods indicates the importance of training on AAC for healthcare providers serving patients with communication disorders.


Assuntos
Auxiliares de Comunicação para Pessoas com Deficiência , Transtornos da Comunicação , Comunicação , Humanos , Arábia Saudita , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
J Hosp Infect ; 99(3): 356-359, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29452244

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Maternal rectal enemas may reduce neonatal bacterial exposure during labour, which may reduce the risk of neonatal colonization with Clostridium difficile. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a saline enema during the first stage of labour in reducing neonatal colonization with C. difficile. METHODS: This study was conducted at Cairo University Hospital, Egypt from January 2016 to July 2016. Asymptomatic mothers with uncomplicated vaginal delivery and their neonates without diarrhoea were included. The study group underwent saline enema, and the control group had no intervention. Stool samples were collected from neonates one week after delivery. The primary outcome was the detection of C. difficile in stool culture and direct detection of C. difficile Toxin A and Toxin B by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. FINDINGS: The two groups were comparable (P>0.05) in terms of age, gravidity, parity, body mass index and gestational age. C. difficile was detected in 13.54% and 37.63% of stool cultures from the enema group and the control group, respectively (P<0.001). Direct detection of Toxins A and B was positive in 22.92% of cases in the enema group and 53.76% of cases in the control group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that a saline enema for the mother during the first stage of labour may be useful in reducing the risk of neonatal gut colonization by C. difficile.


Assuntos
Clostridioides difficile/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Clostridium/epidemiologia , Infecções por Clostridium/prevenção & controle , Enema/métodos , Fezes/microbiologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Toxinas Bacterianas/análise , Egito , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Gravidez , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
6.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol ; 199: 88-91, 2016 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26905469

RESUMO

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The editorial board has raised concerns regarding the integrity of this paper and remaining in the public domain. It is by far the largest trial of corticosteroids for this indication, overwhelming other similar trials in Cochrane and other systematic reviews and is likely leading to widespread prescription of this drug, which may have serious side effects on fetal brain development. If the data is unreliable, women and babies are being harmed. As we have not received the original dataset or a satisfactory response from Dr Nada for an explanation regarding our concerns after giving them a month to respond, we have decided to retract this paper.


Assuntos
Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Cesárea/métodos , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/prevenção & controle , Corticosteroides/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Recém-Nascido , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório do Recém-Nascido/epidemiologia , Nascimento a Termo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto Jovem
7.
Gulf J Oncolog ; 1(17): 85-7, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25682458

RESUMO

Metastatic breast cancer is one of most common cause of death in women worldwide. The estimated incidence of breast cancer to be metastatic at diagnosis is 6%, with a five year survival rate of about 21%. There are three types of breast cancer recurrence: local, regional and distant metastasis mainly to the lung, liver, bone or brain. Review of literature indicate a relatively few reported cases about metastatic breast cancer to soft tissue. We present a case of metastatic breast cancer to left external auditory canal.

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