Diseño de alimentos novedosos a base de fenogreco: valoración nutricional, características organolépticas, aceptabilidad y satisfacción / Design of novel foods based on fenugreek: nutritional assessment, organoleptic properties, acceptability and satisfaction

El fenogreco es una planta forrajera que pertenece a la familia Leguminoceae. Su nombre científico es Trigonella foenum graecum (heno griego) y se la conoce también como alholva. Se han descripto siete especies, entre las cuales se destacan Trigonella gladiata, Trigonella coerulea y Trigonella foenum graecum1 . Dado que no se conocen las numerosas propiedades de Trigonella, el objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar alimentos novedosos y/o realizar modificaciones de alimentos existentes empleando fenogreco como materia prima, estudiar sus características organolépticas, cuantificar sus macronutrientes y compuestos antioxidantes, realizar la evaluación nutricional de los productos obtenidos, su aceptabilidad y potencial aplicación en pacientes diabéticos. El estudio es de tipo exploratorio-descriptivo, mientras que el diseño es no experimental-transversal. Se elaboraron exitosamente diferentes productos alimenticios con y sin semillas de fenogreco: pancitos saborizados (porción 50 g), barritas de cereales (porción de 20 g) y tartaletas de atún, queso y aceitunas (porción de 15 g). Las preparaciones con fenogreco tuvieron gran aceptabilidad en la población encuestada. Los resultados de cuantificación de macronutrientes indican que la semilla de fenogreco posee 56 g de carbohidratos totales, 30 g de carbohidratos reductores, 2,02 g de compuestos fenólicos, 28 g de proteínas, 7,8 g de grasas y 27 g de fibras (en 100 g de semilla), convirtiéndo lo en un alimento completo nutricionalmente y aceptable para incluir en la dieta de las poblaciones que lo tengan a su alcance.

Fenugreek is a fodder plant in the family Leguminoseae. Its scientific name is Trigonella foenum graecum (Greek hay) also known as alholva. Seven species have been described, including Trigonella gladiata, Trigonella coerulea and Trigonella foenum graecum1 . Since the several properties of Trigonella are unknown, the purpose of this paper was to design novel foods and/or modify existing foods using fenugreek as raw material, study its organoleptic properties, quantify its macronutrients and antioxidant compounds, perform the nutritional assessment of products obtained, their acceptability and potential use in diabetic patients. This is an exploratory-descriptive study, whereas the design is non-experimental-transversal. Different food products were successfully manufactured with and without fenugreek seeds: savory bread (serving 50 g), cereal bar (serving 20 g) tuna, cheese and olives cakes (serving 15 g). Preparations with fenugreek were fully accepted by the population surveyed. The results obtained by the quantification of macronutrients show that fenugreek seed contains 56 g total carbohydrates, 30 g reducing carbohydrates, 2,02 g phenolic compounds, 28 g proteins, 7,8 g fat and 27 g fiber (in 100 g of seeds); making it a completely nutritional and acceptable food to be included in a diet for the populations who can afford it.

Characterization of a bacteriocin produced by Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis CRL 1584 isolated from a Lithobates catesbeianus hatchery.

Lactococcus lactis CRL 1584 isolated from a Lithobates catesbeianus hatchery inhibits the growth of Citrobacter freundii (a bullfrog pathogen) and Listeria monocytogenes by a synergistic effect between lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide and a bacteriocin-like molecule. The chemical characterization of the bacteriocin in cell-free supernatants indicates that it has a proteinaceous nature. Hexadecane and ethyl acetate did not modify the bacteriocin activity, while 10 and 20 % (v/v) chloroform decreased the activity by 29 and 43 %, respectively. The antimicrobial peptide was heat stable since 85 % of residual activity was detected when neutralized supernatants were heated at 80 °C for 30 min. Moreover, no bacteriocin inactivation was observed when supernatants were kept at -20 °C for 3 months. The synthesis of the bacteriocin was associated with bacterial growth, highest production (2,100 AU/ml) being detected at the end of the exponential growth phase. At pH ranges of 5-6.5 and 5.0-5.5 the inhibitory molecule was stable when stored for 2 days at 4 and 25 °C, respectively. Moreover, it had a bactericidal effect on L. monocytogenes and the ultrastructural studies of pathogenic cells revealed clumping of the cytoplasmic material, increased periplasmic space and cell wall modifications. The deduced amino acid sequence of the bacteriocin was identical to nisin Z and the genetic determinants for its production are harbored in the chromosome. These results, described for the first time in L. lactis from a bullfrog hatchery, will increase knowledge of the bacteriocin under study with a view to its potential inclusion in probiotics for raniculture or biopreservatives.

Composición química, valoración nutricional, satisfacción y aceptabilidade de bayas de goji (lycium barbarum l) y productos elaborados / Chemical composition, nutritional value, satisfaction and acceptability of goji berries (lycium barbarum l) and finished products / Composição química, valorização nutricional, satisfação e aceitabilidade de bagas de goji (lycium barba rum l) E produtos elaborados

Las bayas de goji son frutas de un color rojo intenso, aproximadamente del tamaño de una pasa de uva y con un sabor que podría asemejarse a una mezcla de arándanos y cerezas. Las bayas frescas tienen un aspecto similar,tanto en la forma como en el tamaño, a la de los tomates cherry. China es el principal proveedor de bayas de gojiy se cultiva mayoritariamente en la provincia de Ni ngxia. Se comercializan principalmente desecadas, pero en elmercado también se encuentran jugos, aceites, extractos, compotas, mermeladas o jaleas, barras de cereal,muesli, y una gran variedad de productos cosméticos. Se les atribuyen numerosas propiedades nutricionales, pero debe destacarse que muy pocas han sido comprobadas científicamente. Objetivos del trabajo: Estudiar las características nutri cionales y organolépticas de las bayas de goji y de productos alimenticios elabo-rados con ellas, compararlos con los mismos productos sin bayas. Cuantificar los macronutrientes y antioxidan-tes, realizar la valoración nutricional, y determinar la aceptabilidad y satisfacción de los alimentos elaborados. Metodología: Este estudio es descriptivo y asimismo, corresponde a un diseño mixto, ya que p resenta una etapa no experi-mental-transeccional-descriptiva y en otra etapa, el diseño es cuasi-experimental. Resultados y conclusiones: Los alimentos que se elaboraron exitosamente con y sin bayas de goji fueron barritas de cereal y yogur helado, que resultaron con características organolépticas satisfactorias. Los productos elaborados con bayas fueron losque mayor contenido de carbohidratos y prote ínas contenían. En el caso de los lípidos, no se observaron grandes diferencias entre los productos elaborados con y sin bayas. Todos los alimentos presentaron fibra alimentaria en su composición. En cuanto al contenido de compuestos fenólicos, los resultados evidenciaron claramentesu aumento en los alimentos...

Goji berries are intense red-colored fruitsand approximately the size of a raisin. Its taste could be described as a combination of blueberries and cherries.Fresh goji berries are similar in form as well as in size tocherry tomatoes. China is the main supplier of goji berries, which are mostly harvested in the province of Ningxia. They are primarily marketed as dried fruits, but you can also find juices, oils, extracts, compotes, jams or jellies, cereal bars, muesli and a great variety of cosmetic products. Many nutritional properties are attributed to them, but it is worth noting that only a few of them have been proven scientifically. Objectives: To study the nutritional and sensory propertiesof goji berries and of food products made with them, and to compare these products with those that don't contain goji berries. To quantify the macronutrients and antioxidants, evaluate the nutritional value and determine theacceptability and satisfaction of the finished products. Methodology: This is a descriptive study with a mixed design, since it combines a non-experimental, descriptive and transactional phase with a quasi experimental phase. Results and conclusions: The foods that were successfullymade with and without goji berries were cereal bars and frozen yogurt, resulting in satisfactory sensory properties.The products made with goji berries had a higheramount of carbohydrates and proteins. As regards lipids, there were no significant differences between the products made with and without goji berries. All products had dietary fiber in their composition. Concerning the content ofphenolic compounds, the results clearly showed an increase of them in the foods made with goji berries. The results ofthe microbiological analysis of the frozen yogurt withand without goji berries were found to be within the microbiological criteria established by the Argentine Food Cod...

As bagas de goji são frutas de cor vermelha intensa, aproximadamente do tamanho de uma uva passa e com um sabor que poderia assemelhar-se ao de uma mistura de blue berry e cerejas. As bagas frescas têm um aspecto similar, tanto na forma como no tamanho, às do tomate cereja. A China é o principal fornecedor de bagas de goji e são cultivadas em sua maioria na p rovíncia de Ningxia. São comercializadas principalmente dessecadas, mas no mercado também se encontram sucos, óleos, extratos, compotas, marmeladas, geleias barra de cereal, musli e uma grande variedade de produtos cosméticos. São atribuídas a elas numerosas propriedades nutricionais, mas é preciso ressaltar que muito poucas foram comprovadas cientificamente. Objetivos do trabalho: Estudar as características nutricionais e organolépticas das bagas de goji e de produtos alimentícios elaborados com elas compará-los com os mesmos produtos sem bagas. Quantificar os macronutrientes e antioxidantes, realizar a valorização nutricional, e determinar a aceitabilidade e satisfação dos alimentos elaborados. Metodologia: Este estudo é descritivo e também, corresponde a um desenho misto, já que apresenta uma etapa não experimental-transversal-descritiva e em outra etapa, o desenho é quase experimental. Resultados e conclusões:Os alimentos que foramelaborados com sucesso com e sem bagas de gofi foramas barrinhas de cereais e iogurte gelado, que resultaram com característica organolépticas satisfatórias. Os produtos elaborados com bagas foram os que apresentaram maior conteúdo de carboidrato e proteínas. No caso dos lipídios, não foram observadas grandes diferenças entre os produtos elaborados com e sem bagas. Todos os alimentos apresentaram fibra alimentar em sua composição. Quanto ao conteúdo de compostos fenólicos, os resultados evidenciaram claramente o seu aumento nos alimentos com bagas de gojitanto o elaborado com bagas como sem elas, estavam...

Seitán como ingrediente de alimentos novedosos y su caracterización / Seitan, an ingredient in new foods and its characterization / Seitán como ingrediente de alimentos inovadores e sua caracterização

El seitán es el gluten de trigo y se lo denomina carne vegetal por su aspecto similar a ésta. Se lo elabora mediante amasado de harina de trigo y posterior lavado, para eliminar el almidón. Luego se hierve con alga Kombu y tamari (salsa de soja) para enriquecerlo en vitaminas y minerales y tome color. Posee un alto contenido proteico, bajo en carbohidratos y grasas y, al ser un alimento de origen vegetal, no contiene colesterol. Es originario de China. Los japoneses de orientación macrobiótica lo introdujeron en Estados Unidos, principalmente a través de los Mormones y los Adventistas del Séptimo Día, alrededor de 1940. Luego se propagó entre quienes practican el vegetarianismo. La investigación se realizó en base a un tipo de estudio exploratorio-descriptivo. El estudio exploratorio se l levó a cabo a través de la elaboración artesanal de seitán y su inclusión en diferentes preparaciones alimenticias. Los productos que se elaboraron exitosamente fueron: milanesas, sfijas y kipe. Se realizó la cuantificación de macro-nutrientes y antioxidantes y finalmente, con los resultados obtenidos, se calculó el valor calórico por porción ypor 100 g de cada producto elaborado. La cuantificación de macronutrientes indica que tanto el seitán como los productos elaborados poseen un ele-vado contenido proteico y, en cuanto a la valoración nutricional, las tres preparaciones presentan un alto valor calórico, siendo el kipe el de mayor calorías por cada 100 g de alimento...

Seitan is made from wheat gluten, and it is called vegetable meat due to its similarity to meat. It is made by washing wheat flour dough until all the starch has been removed. Then it is simmered in a broth of kombu seaweed and tamari (soy sauce), so as to enrich it with vitamins and minerals, and to give it color. Seitan is a low-fat, low carbohydrate and high-protein food. Being also a vegetable-based food, it doesn’t contain cholesterol. Originally from China, it was introduced in the United States by the Japanese people with a macrobiotic lifestyle, mainly by the Mormons and the Seventh-day Adventists, in around 1940. Then it gained popularity among vegetarians. This research was based in an exploratory-descriptive study. To carry out the exploratory study, seitan was prepared manually and used in different food preparations. The products successfully made were breaded cutlets, sfijas and kibbeh. The macronutrients and antioxidants were quantified, and these results were used to calculate the caloric value per portion and per 100 g for each food product. The macronutrient quantification reveals that both the seitan and the prepared products have high-protein content. As regards the nutritional value, the three food products have a high caloric value, being the kibbeh the one with the highest caloric value per 100 g, followed by the sfijas and the breaded cutlet...

O Seitán é o glúten de trigo e é denominado carne vegetal por seu aspecto similar à mesma. É elaborado mediante o amassamento da farinha de trigo e posterior lavagem, para eliminar o amido. Depois é fervido com alga Kombue tamari (molho de soja) para enriquecê-lo em vitaminas e minarias e para adquirir cor. Possui um alto conteúdo proteico, baixo em carboidratos e gordura, por ser um alimento de origem vegetal, não contém colesterol. É originário da China. Os japoneses de orientação macrobiótica introduziram-no nos Estados Unidos, principalmente através dos Mórmons e Adventistas do Sétimo Dia, ao redor de 1940. Depois foi difundido entre aqueles que praticam o vegetarianismo. A pesquisa foi realizada baseada em um tipo de estudo exploratório-descritivo. O estudo exploratório foi realizado através da elaboração artesanal de seitán e sua inclusão em diferentes preparações alimentícias. Os produtos que foram elaborados com sucesso foram: milanesas, sfijas e kipe. Foi realizada a quantificação de macronutrientes e antioxidantes e finalmente, com os resultados obtidos, calculou-se o valor calórico por porção e por 100 g de cada produto elaborado...

Cultivable microbiota of Lithobates catesbeianus and advances in the selection of lactic acid bacteria as biological control agents in raniculture.

The cultivable microbiota of skin and cloaca of captive Lithobates catesbeianus includes microorganisms generally accepted as beneficial and potentially pathogenic bacteria. In order to select a group of potentially probiotic bacteria, 136 isolates were evaluated for their surface properties and production of antagonistic metabolites. Then, 11 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains were selected and identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, Lb. brevis, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Lactococcus lactis, L. garvieae and Enterococcus gallinarum. Studies of compatibility indicate that all the strains could be included in a multi-strain probiotic, with the exception of Ent. gallinarum CRL 1826 which inhibited LAB species through a bacteriocin-like metabolite. These results contribute to the design of a probiotic product to improve the sanitary status of bullfrogs in intensive culture systems, to avoid the use of antibiotics and thus to reduce production costs. It could also be an alternative to prevent infectious diseases during the ex situ breeding of amphibian species under threat of extinction.