Extent of glaucomatous damage on the first presentation.

AIM: The aim is to determine the magnitude of glaucomatous damage in the asymptomatic subjects identified with primary glaucoma for the first time and thus to evaluate the significance and efficacy of screening measures for glaucoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational retrospective cohort study of 100 asymptomatic patients of age more than 40 years, diagnosed with and under treatment for primary glaucoma was performed. Patients were categorized into having early, moderate, and severe glaucoma, according to standard automated perimetry (SAP) mean deviation (MD) in the worse eye (<-6, -6 to -12 and >-12 dB, respectively). Risk factors were correlated with the severity of glaucoma at presentation and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: About 32%, 33%, and 35% of patients were found to have early, moderate, and severe stages of glaucoma with average MD of -3.51 ±1.53, -8.65 ±1.64, -17.15 ± 5.13 on SAP, respectively. The association of risk factors such as age (P = 0.006) and glaucoma awareness (P = 0.044) with the severity of glaucoma was statistically significant. There was no direct statistical correlation found between gender, history of diabetes mellitus, family history of glaucoma, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, the angle width, and the severity of glaucoma in our study. CONCLUSION: Majority of cases with primary glaucoma show no symptoms until advanced irreversible stages. Early screening and proper treatment are the only ways to halt its progression. In spite of available facilities, 68% of patients in our study were found to have moderate-to-severe stages of glaucoma. This indicates that our screening measures should reach the masses at the primary level, with a focus on awareness programs.

Corneal ulcer secondary to ectropion in lamellar Ichthyosis: A rare congenital disorder.

We present a rare case of Lamellar Ichthyosis with bilateral ectropion with left sided corneal ulcer with descemetocele in a four-month-old female child, the youngest ever reported. Ichthyosis is a group of skin disorders characterized by the presence of fish-like scales all over the body (Mushriff, 2016; Turgut et al., 2009). Lamellar Ichthyosis is a rare congenital condition with incidence of 1 in 100,000 (Conditions), affecting males and females equally. Inheritance is Autosomal Recessive (Conditions). It involves generalized body as a collodion baby at birth; once the membrane sheds, patient develops large, thick, brown, pasted scales associated with ectropion, eclabium, scarring alopecia, plantar and palmar hyperkeratosis (Mushriff, 2016). Mild cases are managed with hydration, lubrication and keratolytic-agents (Mushriff, 2016). Severe cases are treated with Oral Retinoid. Proper lubrication and patching of eyes with timely management of ectropion to prevent the exposure keraopathy and related complications are needed in such cases. Secondary infections can lead to vision threatening complications, so child with ichthyosis should be under Ophthalmic observation for early needed interventions.