RESUMO
Each differentiated cell type has its own epigenetic signature, which reflects its genotype, developmental history, and environmental influences, and is ultimately reflected in the phenotype of the cell and organism. Some cells undergo major epigenetic 'reprogramming' during fetal development. The proper, or improper, handling of these highly sensitive periods may have significant short-term and long-term effects on the newborn and his/her progeny. This review highlights the impact of environmental and nutritional factors on the epigenome and the potential effect of epigenetic dysregulation on maternal and fetal pregnancy outcomes, as well as possible long-term implications.
Assuntos
Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina/genética , Metilação de DNA , Epigênese Genética/genética , Desenvolvimento Fetal/genética , Expressão Gênica/genética , Envelhecimento/genética , Diferenciação Celular , Cromatina/genética , Feminino , Fertilização/genética , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Impressão Genômica/genética , Desenvolvimento Humano/fisiologia , Humanos , Placenta/fisiologia , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Resultado da GravidezRESUMO
PURPOSE: Evaluation of the effect of GH, administered in vivo, on in vitro maturation of human GV oocytes obtained from small follicles. METHODS: The study included 88 ICSI women stimulated with long agonist protocol. They were randomly allocated to two groups (Group 1, 44 women with 86 GV oocytes), were cotreated with GH (Group 2, no GH: 44 women with 67 GV oocytes). GV oocytes from small follicles were matured in vitro, injected, and their development observed. RESULTS: Resumption of meiosis was significantly higher in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (60 and 37.3% respectively). Significantly more M2 oocytes were obtained in Group 1 than in Group 2 (45.5 and 23.9% respectively). Fertilization rates were also significantly higher (51.9 and 18.8% respectively). No embryos were obtained in Group 2, whereas 21.1% of fertilized oocytes in Group 1 cleaved into class A embryos. CONCLUSION: In vivo administration of GH enhanced in vitro maturation and fertilization of human GV oocytes retrieved from small antral follicles.
