[Feasibility Study of a One-Day Educational Program to Train Advance Care Planning Facilitators(ACPFs)in Regional Areas].

Promoting advance care planning in regional areas is important. Education For Implementing End-of-Life Discussion(EFIELD) is a two-day educational program for Advance Care Planning Facilitators(ACPFs)developed by the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology. Unfortunately, some trainers experience difficulties implementing the content of the program, and some trainees feel the program is too long for implementation in many regional areas. The purpose of the research is to clarify the feasibility of ACPFs education using a one-day program in regional areas. The methods involved documenting the process of a one-day program from implementation to evaluation from May of 2015 to March of 2016 and then evaluating the effectiveness of the program 3 months after the implementation using meeting minutes from 7 local hospitals. The results indicated a need for 5 steps from program implementation to evaluation as well as 5 categories for final evaluation. The most important finding is that E-FIELD challenged trainers to shorten and simplify their expressions in order to teach the content more efficiently. The second finding is that Group for Promoting Advance Care Planning & End Of Life Discussion in Chita(GACPEL) activities encouraged ACPimplementation within each hospital. The limitations of this research are related to small regional areas. In conclusion, a one-day regional ACPFs educational program is feasible.

Combined hepatocellular carcinoma and osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the liver: possible clue to histogenesis.

Hepatic giant cell tumor is extremely rare, and only five cases have been reported of overt hepatocellular carcinoma, thus its histogenesis is controversial. Herein is reported a case of simultaneous hepatocellular carcinoma and osteoclast-like giant cell tumor in a single tumor. A liver tumor was found in a 74-year-old woman. Histologically the tumor consisted of two distinct components: mononuclear and multinuclear giant cells with osteoclastic giant cells, and a conventional hepatocellular carcinoma. The boundary between the two components showed transitional features. Immunohistochemistry showed that the osteoclast-like giant cells were CD68 and vimentin positive, but cytokeratin and AFP negative, while spindle-shaped cells were positive only for vimentin. In a portion of the hepatocellular carcinoma the cells were cytokeratin-8 and AFP positive. Ki-67 positivity was 10% for the hepatocellular carcinoma, 60% for the spindle-shaped cells, and 0% for the giant cells. It is possible that the tumor might have had a hepatocellular carcinoma origin, given the more highly proliferative sarcomatous changes and reactive osteoclast-like cells. This case provides a clue to the histogenesis of hepatic giant cell tumors.