Gamma Knife surgery for the treatment of patients with asymptomatic meningiomas.

OBJECT: Increasingly, meningiomas are detected incidentally, prior to symptom development. While these lesions are traditionally managed conservatively until symptoms develop or lesion growth occurs, it is conceivable that patients at high risk for symptom development may benefit from earlier intervention prior to the appearance of symptoms. However, little research has been performed to determine whether Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) can alter the rate of symptom development in such patients. METHODS: A retrospective case study was performed by screening the University of Virginia GKS database for patients treated for asymptomatic meningiomas. From the patient's medical records, pertinent demographic and treatment information was obtained. Yearly follow-up MRI had been performed to assess tumor control and detect signs of radiation-induced injury. Clinical follow-up via neurological examination had been performed to assess symptom development. RESULTS: Forty-two patients, 33 females (78.6%) and 9 males (21.4%), with 42 asymptomatic meningiomas were included in the analysis. The median age at GKS was 53 years. The most common lesion location was the cerebral convexities (10 lesions [23.8%]), and the median lesion size was 4.0 ml. The median duration of imaging and clinical follow-ups was 59 and 76 months, respectively. During the follow-up period, 1 tumor (2.4%) increased in size, 2 patients (4.8%) demonstrated symptoms, and 1 patient (2.4%) exhibited possible signs of radiation-induced injury. Thus, actuarial tumor control rates were 100%, 95.7%, and 95.7% for 2, 5, and 10 years, respectively. Actuarial symptom control at 5 and 10 years was 97% and 93.1%, respectively. Overall progression-free survival was 91.1% and 77.8% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with published rates of symptom development in patients with untreated meningiomas, results in this study indicated that patients with asymptomatic lesions may benefit from prophylactic radiosurgery prior to the appearance of symptoms. Additionally, GKS is a treatment option that offers low morbidity.

Gamma Knife surgery for the treatment of 5 to 15 metastases to the brain: clinical article.

OBJECT: It has been generally accepted that Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is an effective primary or adjunct treatment for patients with 1-4 metastases to the brain. The number of studies detailing the use of GKS for 5 or more brain metastases, however, remains minimal. The aim of the current retrospective study was to elucidate the utility of GKS in patients with 5-15 brain metastases. METHODS: Patients were chosen for GKS based on prior MRI of these metastatic lesions and a known primary cancer diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging was used post-GKS to assess tumor control; patients were also followed up clinically. Overall survival (OS) from the date of GKS was used as the primary end point. Statistical analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors related to OS. RESULTS: Between 2003 and 2012, 96 patients were treated for a total of 704 metastatic brain lesions. The histology of these lesions varied among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), breast cancer, melanoma, renal cancer, and other more rare carcinomas. At the initial treatment, 18 of the patients (18.8%) were categorized in Recursive Partitioning Analysis (RPA) Class 1 and 77 (80.2%) in RPA Class 2; none were in RPA Class 3. The median number of treated lesions was 7 (mean 7.13), and the median planned treatment volume was 6.12 cm(3) (range 0.42-57.83 cm(3)) per patient. The median clinical follow-up was 4.1 months (range 0.1-40.70 months). Actuarial tumor control was calculated to be 92.4% at 6 months, 84.8% at 12 months, and 74.9% at 24 months post-GKS. The median OS was found to be 4.73 months (range 0.4-41.8 months). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that RPA class was a significant predictor of death (HR = 2.263, p = 0.038). Number of lesions, tumor histology, Graded Prognostic Assessment score, prior whole-brain radiation therapy, prior resection, prior chemotherapy, patient age, patient sex, controlled primary tumor, extracranial metastases, and planned treatment volume were not significant predictors of OS. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with 5-15 brain metastases at presentation, the number of lesions did not predict survival after GKS; however, the RPA class was predictive of OS in this group of patients. Gamma Knife surgery for such patients offers an excellent rate of local tumor control.