New copper(II) complexes with dopamine hydrochloride and vanillymandelic acid: spectroscopic and thermal characterization.

The dopamine derivatives participate in the regulation of wide variety of physiological functions in the human body and in medication life. Increase and/or decrease in the concentration of dopamine in human body reflect an indication for diseases such as Schizophrenia and/or Parkinson diseases. The Cu(II) chelates with coupled products of dopamine hydrochloride (DO.HCl) and vanillymandelic acid (VMA) with 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) are prepared and characterized. Different physico-chemical techniques namely IR, magnetic and UV-vis spectra are used to investigate the structure of these chelates. Cu(II) forms 1:1 (Cu:DO) and 1:2 (Cu:VMA) chelates. DO behave as a uninegative tridentate ligand in binding to the Cu(II) ion while VMA behaves as a uninegative bidentate ligand. IR spectra show that the DO is coordinated to the Cu(II) ion in a tridentate manner with ONO donor sites of the phenolic-OH, -NH and carbonyl-O, while VMA is coordinated with OO donor sites of the phenolic-OH and -NH. Magnetic moment measurements reveal the presence of Cu(II) chelates in octahedral and square planar geometries with DO and VMA, respectively. The thermal decomposition of Cu(II) complexes is studied using thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) techniques. The activation thermodynamic parameters, such as, energy of activation, enthalpy, entropy and free energy change of the complexes are evaluated and the relative thermal stability of the complexes are discussed.

A study of 342 oral keratotic white lesions induced by qat chewing among 2500 Yemeni.

BACKGROUND: Qat chewing is a common habit in Yemen. Various studies demonstrated clear effects of this habit on the systemic organs of the human body. The lack of studies, however, on the effects of this habit on oral mucosa was the major motive of this study. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was made on 2500 Yemeni citizens (mean age 27 years, 1818 males and 682 females). Clinical protocol was made for all cases with a full intraoral examination. A new grading system was applied for each case with oral white lesion. RESULTS: Of our sample, 1528 cases (61.12%) were qat chewers; of them, 342 cases (22.4%) had oral keratotic white lesions at the site of qat chewing, while only 6 (0.6%) non-chewer cases had white lesions in their oral cavity (P < 0.000000, Odds ratio = 46.43, RR = 36.26). According to our grading system; 14, 5.9 and 2.4% were grade I, II and III. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that qat chewing can provoke the development of oral keratotic white lesions at the site of chewing. The prevalence of these lesions and its severity increase as duration and frequency increase.

Echocardiography for primary care evaluation of hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To reexamine the changing role of echocardiography for primary care evaluation of essential hypertension since the 1993 Canadian Hypertension Society Consensus Conference. QUALITY OF EVIDENCE: New recommendations from the Canadian Cardiovascular Society and the Canadian Hypertension Society. Recommendations from the American College of Cardiology based on a prospective, randomized controlled trial of limited echocardiograms. Further results from the Framingham Heart Study and the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. MAIN MESSAGE: For patients with essential hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) continues to be a strong predictor of many cardiovascular end points, and echocardiography is a much more sensitive tool for detecting LVH than electrocardiogram (ECG). Although limited echocardiograms are not usually used, they are a less costly method of evaluating LVH than standard echocardiograms and have recently been recommended in the United States to assist in the decision to initiate pharmacotherapy for patients with stage 1 hypertension and no other evidence of target organ damage. Problems with intrareader and interreader variability of results are being addressed by technical and mathematical standards established by the Canadian Cardiovascular Society and the Canadian Hypertension Society. CONCLUSIONS: Using limited echocardiograms for assessing LVH coupled with implementing Canadian technical standards might lead to a greater role for echocardiography in evaluating essential hypertension in certain patients.

Primary and secondary prevention strategies in the older adult.

Most causes of death and disability in older people are partially to fully preventable. To achieve maximum benefits from prevention strategies, use an organized system tailored to individual health risks and circumstances.

A procedure for the reconstruction of the lateral palpebral canthus.

Tessier's classification of facial clefts has been quite adequate. This cleft occurs as an isolated anomaly or as a coloboma associated with Treacher Collins syndrome, Goldenhar's syndrome, or hemifacial microsomia. We present a procedure developed to reconstruct the lateral canthus.

Surgical repair of the bilateral cleft of the primary palate.

A technique to repair clefts of the primary palate is described. This technique is a combination of several surgical methods previously reported to which some modifications have been added. The advantages of this technique are compared with those associated with other surgical methods. A more natural result is obtained with this technique: The undesirable vestibular fistula is avoided and a deeper buccal sulcus is achieved. The criteria in the management of the nose and orbicular muscle is analyzed.