Valorization of renewable resources to functional oligosaccharides: Recent trends and future prospective.

Lignocellulosic wastes have the ability to be transformed into oligosaccharides and other value-added products. The synthesis of oligosaccharides from renewable sources bestow to growing bioeconomies. Oligosaccharides are synthesized chemically or biologically from agricultural residues. These oligosaccharides are functional food supplements that have a positive impact on humans and livestock. Non-digestible oligosaccharides, refered as prebiotics are beneficial for the colonic microbiota inhabiting the f the digestive system. These microbiota plays a crucial role in stimulating the host immune system and other physiological responses. The commonly known prebiotics, galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS), mannanooligosaccharides (MOS), and isomaltooligosaccharides (IOS) are synthesized either through enzymatic or whole cell-mediated approaches using natural or agricultural waste substrates. This review focusses on recent advancements in biological processes, for the synthesis of oligosaccharides using renewable resources (lignocellulosic substrates) for sustainable circular bioeconomy. The work also addresses the limitations associated with the processes and commercialization of the products.

Genomics of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Glycerol Dissimilation.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are functional starter cultures in food and dairy industry and are also regarded as power houses for bioprocess and fermentation technology. Due to extensive applications in food and medical applications, intensive research and developmental activities are going on throughout the world to understand the genomic and metabolic aspects during the past few decades. These LAB strains have significant role in production of value added chemicals and fuels from lignocellulosic biomass and other by-product streams establishing a circular bioeconomy. In this context, we discuss the physiology and genetics of crude glycerol dissimilation in lactic acid bacteria, the value added chemicals produced from biodiesel-derived crude glycerol. The overview of metabolic engineering strategies to improve the cellular traits and future perspectives in constructing cellulolytic/hemicellulolytic LAB strains to establish a renewable and sustainable cost-effective biorefinery is discussed.