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1.
Health Soc Care Community ; 30(5): e1959-e1965, 2022 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34738684

RESUMO

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic status and COVID-19 mortality in Iran. We performed a retrospective cohort study on data from the hospitalised COVID-19 patients in Qazvin. We collected data on education, self-reported socioeconomic status, and location of residence as a proxy for socioeconomic status (SES). We applied the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition approach to assess the role of socioeconomic inequality in COVID-19 mortality and determine the main contributors to the observed inequality. Overall, 941 patients (48.96%) had low SES, while only 24.87% (n = 478) were classified in the high SES category. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the low SES group, and we spotted a 17.13% gap in COVID-19 mortality between the high and low SES patients (p < 0.001). Age was the main contributor to the observed inequality, responsible for 6.91% of the gap (p < 0.001). Having co-morbidities (1.53%) and longer length of stay (LOS) in hospitals (0.95%) in the low SES group were other main determinants of the inequality in COVID-19 mortality (p < 0.05). In the unexplained part of our model, the effect of increased age (10.61%) and a positive RT-PCR test result (3.43%) were more substantial in the low SES group compared to the high SES patients (p < 0.05). The low SES people had an increased risk of getting COVID-19, and the disease has been more severe and fatal among them. Increased age, co-morbidities, and LOS were identified as the main drivers of this inequality.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico)/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Classe Social , Fatores Socioeconômicos
2.
Foot (Edinb) ; 40: 54-58, 2019 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31102964

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Approximately 25% of people with diabetes will experience diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) during their lifetime. The present study was designed to determine the type of microorganisms isolated from the DFUs and their antibiotic resistance pattern, and to determine predisposing factors contributing to antibiotic resistance at the authors' wound care clinic in Qazvin, Iran. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to December 2017. One specimen for microbiological studies was obtained from the deep tissue. All demographic, clinical, and laboratory data and results of ulcer culture were collected for each case. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to different agents was carried out using the disc diffusion method. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: 95 aerobic microorganisms were isolated from 105 specimens. Among Gram-positive and negative bacteria, Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia (E). coli were the most frequent organisms isolated, respectively. Multidrug resistant (MDR) organisms constituted up to 48.4%, with 37.5% of isolated Enterococcus spp. being VRE, 48.8% of Staphylococcus spp. being methicillin-resistant, 77.8% of isolated E. coli being ESBL and 66.7% of isolated Pseudomonas being MDR. The minimum and maximum prevalence of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria were 17.6% and 87.5% for imipenem and ceftazidime, respectively. The prevalence of Gram-negative bacilli was higher in older patients (p value = 0.039) and rose markedly in patients with a higher number of hospitalizations (p value = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Due to emergence of antibiotic resistance pathogens, culture specimens and antibiotic sensitivity testing are essential for correct management of the DFU infections and the selection of appropriate antibiotics.


Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas/microbiologia , Pé Diabético/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Transversais , Pé Diabético/tratamento farmacológico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Feminino , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
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