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1.
Behav Sci Law ; 41(2-3): 109-123, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37079611

RESUMO

A policy's general deterrent effect requires would-be offenders to be aware of the policy, yet many adolescents do not know they could be registered as sex offenders, and even adolescents who do know may still commit registerable sexual offenses. We tested whether peer influences shape the perceived costs/benefits of certain sexual offenses and, subsequently, registration policy's general deterrent potential in a sample of policy-aware adolescents. The more adolescents believed their peers approve of sexting of nude images, the more likely they were to have sexted. For forcible touching, having more positive peer expectations about sex and perceiving forcible touching as more prevalent among peers related to adolescents' likelihood of engaging in that behavior. Perceiving registration as a possible consequence was unrelated to sexual offending. Findings highlight the nuanced roles peers play in adolescent sexual decision-making and support emerging evidence that juvenile registration policy has limited general deterrent efficacy.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Criminosos , Delitos Sexuais , Adolescente , Humanos , Influência dos Pares , Delitos Sexuais/prevenção & controle , Comportamento Sexual
2.
Am Psychol ; 78(5): 695-713, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37079816

RESUMO

Cultural stereotypes that link Black race to crime in the United States originated with and are perpetuated by policies that result in the disproportionate criminalization and punishment of Black people. The scientific record is replete with evidence that these stereotypes impact perceivers' perceptions, information processing, and decision-making in ways that produce more negative criminal legal outcomes for Black people than White people. However, relatively scant attention has been paid to understanding how situations that present a risk of being evaluated through the lens of crime-related stereotypes also directly affect Black people. In this article, I consider one situation in particular: encounters with police. I draw on social psychological research on stereotype threat generally as well as the few existing studies of crime-related stereotype threat specifically to illuminate how the cultural context creates psychologically distinct experiences of police encounters for Black people as compared to White people. I further consider the potential ramifications of stereotype threat effects on police officers' judgments and treatment of Black people as well as for Black people's safety and well-being in other criminal legal contexts and throughout their lives. Finally, I conclude with a call for increased scholarly attention to crime-related stereotype threat and the role it plays in contributing to racial disparities in policing outcomes, particularly with regard to diverse racial, ethnic, and intersectional identities and personal vulnerability factors, and the systemic changes that might mitigate its deleterious effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
População Negra , Crime , Aplicação da Lei , Polícia , Estereotipagem , Racismo Sistêmico , Humanos , População Negra/psicologia , Criminosos , Polícia/psicologia , Estados Unidos , Brancos/psicologia , Política Pública/legislação & jurisprudência , Psicologia Social , Segurança , Crime/psicologia , Racismo Sistêmico/etnologia , Racismo Sistêmico/psicologia
3.
Law Hum Behav ; 46(6): 398-414, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36521112

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: In October 2021, the American Psychological Association (APA) passed a resolution addressing ways psychologists could work to dismantle systemic racism in criminal legal systems. In the present report, developed to inform APA's policy resolution, we detail the scope of the problem and offer recommendations for policy makers and psychologists to address the issue by advancing related science and practice. Specifically, we acknowledge the roots of modern-day racial and ethnic disparities in rates of criminalization and punishment for people of color compared with White people. Next, we review existing theory and research that helps explain the underlying psychological mechanisms driving racial and ethnic disparities in criminal legal systems (e.g., endorsement of negative stereotypes, explicit and implicit bias). We also elucidate how racially disparate treatment generates downstream negative mental health consequences for people of color. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence-based recommendations to work toward eliminating systemic racism in the criminal legal systems include (a) rigorous measurement and analysis of disparities; (b) targeted changes in policy, practice, and law; (c) increased access to culturally aware and competent services and interventions; (d) design and promotion of education and training programs regarding racial bias; (e) increased attention to issues of intersectionality; and (f) promotion of diversity and fair-mindedness among criminal legal actors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).


Assuntos
Criminosos , Racismo , Humanos , Racismo Sistêmico , População Branca , Saúde Mental
4.
Behav Sci Law ; 39(3): 328-344, 2021 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33950543

RESUMO

Lacking adequate knowledge about one's rights could inhibit the likelihood of exercising one's rights or lead one to unwittingly violate laws that place legitimate limits on these rights. Thus, the present research examines First Amendment knowledge as well as competence to apply this knowledge in relevant circumstances. Results revealed that one-quarter of participants failed a test of objective knowledge on First Amendment rights. Furthermore, participants' belief in their ability varied depending on their level of knowledge, in line with the Dunning-Kruger effect. Participants also failed to transfer their limited objective knowledge to "real-world" situations, exhibiting impaired First Amendment competence. These findings suggest that US residents' levels of knowledge and competence related to First Amendment rights and protections could be improved to promote a safe, knowledgeable, and democratic society.


Assuntos
Legislação como Assunto , Humanos , Estados Unidos
5.
Child Abuse Negl ; 86: 217-222, 2018 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30359821

RESUMO

Black and poor children are overrepresented at every stage of the child welfare system, from suspicion of abuse to substantiation. Focusing on stereotypes as a source of bias that leads to these disparities, the current study examines the content and strength of stereotypes relating race and social class to child abuse as viewed by medical professionals. Doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals (Study 1: N = 53; Study 2: N = 40) were recruited in local hospitals and online through snowball sampling. Study 1 identified stereotype content by asking participants to list words associated with the stereotype that either (a) Black or (b) poor children are more likely to be abused by their parents, and responses were organized into construct groups. Study 2 determined stereotype strength by asking participants to rate how strongly the constructs generated in Study 1 related to either the race-abuse or social class-abuse stereotype. The content of stereotypes linking child abuse to Black or poor children are confounded, with approximately half the constructs shared by both stereotypes. Of the 10 shared constructs, only "Stressed" and "Neglect" differed in strength, with both significantly more strongly related to the social class-abuse than race-abuse stereotype, all ts(36-37) ≤ -2.23, ps ≤ .03, Cohen's ds ≥ .71. This research documents the existence, content, and strength of stereotypes that link race and social class to child abuse. These stereotypes have the potential to lead to medical misdiagnosis of abuse for Black and poor children.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Grupos Raciais/estatística & dados numéricos , Classe Social , Estereotipagem , Adulto , Idoso , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Proteção da Criança/psicologia , Proteção da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pais , Grupos Raciais/psicologia , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem
6.
Psychol Public Policy Law ; 21(1): 35-49, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26074717

RESUMO

We investigated whether and how a juvenile's history of experiencing sexual abuse affects public perceptions of juvenile sex offenders in a series of 5 studies. When asked about juvenile sex offenders in an abstract manner (Studies 1 and 2), the more participants (community members and undergraduates) believed that a history of being sexually abused as a child causes later sexually abusive behavior, the less likely they were to support sex offender registration for juveniles. Yet when participants considered specific sexual offenses, a juvenile's history of sexual abuse was not considered to be a mitigating factor. This was true when participants considered a severe sexual offense (forced rape; Study 3 and Study 4) and a case involving less severe sexual offenses (i.e., statutory rape), when a juvenile's history of sexual abuse backfired and was used as an aggravating factor, increasing support for registering the offender (Study 3 and Study 5). Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.

7.
Law Hum Behav ; 39(5): 463-77, 2015 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26030449

RESUMO

We conducted 2 studies to investigate how cultural stereotypes that depict Blacks as criminals affect the way Blacks experience encounters with police officers, expecting that such encounters induce Blacks to feel stereotype threat (i.e., concern about being judged and treated unfairly by police because of the stereotype). In Study 1, we asked Black and White participants to report how they feel when interacting with police officers in general. As predicted, Blacks, but not Whites, reported concern that police officers stereotype them as criminals simply because of their race. In addition, this effect was found for Black men but not Black women. In Study 2, we asked Black and White men to imagine a specific police encounter and assessed potential downstream consequences of stereotype threat. Consistent with Study 1, Black but not White men anticipated feeling stereotype threat in the hypothetical police encounter. Further, racial differences in anticipated threat translated into racial differences in anticipated anxiety, self-regulatory efforts, and behavior that is commonly perceived as suspicious by police officers. By demonstrating that Blacks might expect to be judged and treated unfairly by police because of the negative stereotype of Black criminality, this research extends stereotype threat theory to the new domain of criminal justice encounters. It also has practical implications for understanding how the stereotype could ironically contribute to bias-based policing and racial disparities in the justice system.


Assuntos
População Negra , Polícia , Estereotipagem , População Branca , Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Racismo , Adulto Jovem
8.
J Child Sex Abus ; 22(1): 103-18, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23350542

RESUMO

Because juveniles can now be registered as sex offenders, we conducted a pilot study to investigate awareness of these policies and sexual behavior histories in a convenience sample of 53 young adults (ages 18 to 23, 79% women). These preliminary data revealed that 42% percent of participants were unaware that youth under the age of 18 can be registered as sex offenders, and when informed that they can be, participants were unaware of the breadth of adolescent sexual behavior that warrants registration. Furthermore, those unaware of juvenile registration policies, compared to those who were aware, were marginally more likely to have had sex prior to age 18. Thus, youth most at risk of registration were least aware of this possibility, suggesting that juvenile registration likely does little to deter many behaviors that are considered to be juvenile sex offenses.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Criminosos/legislação & jurisprudência , Delinquência Juvenil/legislação & jurisprudência , Sistema de Registros , Delitos Sexuais/legislação & jurisprudência , Comportamento Sexual/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criminosos/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Delinquência Juvenil/psicologia , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Assunção de Riscos , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
9.
Adm Policy Ment Health ; 40(5): 371-83, 2013 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22791083

RESUMO

A cross-sectional qualitative descriptive design was used to examine the links among expectations about, experiences with, and intentions toward mental health services. Individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 32 African American youth/mothers dyads. Content analysis revealed that positive expectations were linked to positive experiences and intentions, that negative expectations were not consistently linked to negative experiences or intentions, nor were ambivalent expectations linked to ambivalent experiences or intentions. Youth were concerned about privacy breeches and mothers about the harmfulness of psychotropic medication. Addressing these concerns may promote African Americans' engagement in mental health services.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Intenção , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Mães/psicologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Atitude Frente a Saúde/etnologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/etnologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Estados Unidos
10.
J Trauma Dissociation ; 13(3): 291-310, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22545564

RESUMO

Using a retrospective survey, we studied a sample of 1,679 college women to determine whether reports of prior forgetting of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, and other traumas could be explained by trauma severity and individual differences in the use of defensive emotion-regulation reactions (i.e., repressive coping, dissociation, and fantasy proneness). Among victims of physical abuse (but not sexual abuse or other types of trauma), those who experienced severe abuse and used defensive reactions were sometimes more likely to report temporary forgetting of abuse but other times less likely to report forgetting. We also found unanticipated main effects of trauma severity on temporary forgetting. Our results provide an understanding of victims' experiences of forgetting by demonstrating the importance of considering unique effects of trauma type, different aspects of trauma severity, and victims' defensive reactions to trauma.


Assuntos
Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Transtornos Dissociativos/psicologia , Fantasia , Memória , Repressão Psicológica , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Inquéritos e Questionários
11.
Issues Ment Health Nurs ; 32(11): 678-86, 2011.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21992259

RESUMO

Little is known about African American families' experiences with mental health services. A purposive sample of 40 dyads of African American youth (aged 13 to 19) and their mothers participated in a cross-sectional qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews that elicited information about their past experiences and satisfaction with mental health services. Though rarely received, group and family therapy were perceived favorably. However, both mothers and youth reported dissatisfaction centered on medication and lack of professionalism, confidentiality, and concern by providers. The failure of mental health services providers to meet basic standards of quality and professionalism may explain the low rate of service use by African Americans.


Assuntos
Negro ou Afro-Americano/psicologia , Maus-Tratos Infantis/terapia , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Mães/psicologia , Satisfação do Paciente , Adolescente , Adulto , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Comunicação , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Pesquisa sobre Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Entrevista Psicológica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Relações Médico-Paciente , Psicoterapia , Psicotrópicos/uso terapêutico
12.
J Trauma Stress ; 24(2): 218-21, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21394789

RESUMO

To examine the effects of being revictimized, 555 women completed 2 mail surveys 1 year apart, reporting their experiences of sexual assault, the strategies they used to cope with those experiences, and feelings of depression. Path analyses, controlling for baseline coping and depression, revealed that those who were revictimized during the study reported using more maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies than did those who were not revictimized (ß = .11 and ß = .16, respectively). Further, women who were revictimized reported more depression than others (ß = .15). This effect was explained in part by revictimized women's increased maladaptive coping. Results are consistent with other research showing that all of women's traumatic experiences must be taken into consideration to understand fully how sexual assault influences women's coping and recovery.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Depressão , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Chicago , Vítimas de Crime/reabilitação , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem
13.
J Interpers Violence ; 26(10): 1934-62, 2011 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20724295

RESUMO

The present longitudinal study examined relationships between self-blame attributions and social reactions to disclosure in a community sample of adult sexual assault victims ( N = 555). Cross-lagged panel analyses showed that neither characterological self-blame nor behavioral self-blame related to negative social reactions over the 1-year follow-up period. In contrast, characterological but not behavioral self-blame predicted fewer positive reactions over time. Although positive reactions did not reduce self-blame, negative reactions led to greater characterological, but not behavioral, self-blame during the course of the study. Thus, relationships between self-blame and social reactions were not reciprocal but rather quite complex. The effects of victims' coping strategies and sexual revictimization were also assessed.


Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Culpa , Autoimagem , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Percepção Social , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Estudos Longitudinais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Autorrevelação , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/etiologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto Jovem
14.
Violence Vict ; 25(1): 29-44, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20229692

RESUMO

Sexual assaults commonly involve alcohol use, but little is known about alcohol's effects on many aspects of assaults and their aftermath. We investigated characteristics of victims, perpetrators, and assaults as a function of whether alcohol was involved in the assault, as well as differences in women's postassault experiences. Assaults prior to which only perpetrators were drinking differed not only from non-alcohol-related assaults, but also from those prior to which both perpetrators and victims were drinking. Understanding the effects of alcohol-related assaults is important for identifying victims who should be targeted for mental health and substance use interventions.


Assuntos
Intoxicação Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Mulheres Maltratadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Vítimas de Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Estupro/estatística & dados numéricos , Autoimagem , Saúde da Mulher , Adulto , Intoxicação Alcoólica/psicologia , Mulheres Maltratadas/psicologia , Causalidade , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Relações Interpessoais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estupro/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem
15.
Subst Use Misuse ; 45(3): 341-53, 2010 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20141451

RESUMO

In 2002-2003 correlates of alcohol-related help-seeking were studied in women sexual assault survivors who were current problem drinkers (N = 526) in a large metropolitan area. Volunteer participants completed several valid and reliable instruments (i.e., the TWEAK, GFM, and MAST), which assessed alcohol use and misuse and related help-seeking. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results suggest that correlates of women survivors' alcohol-related help-seeking vary depending on the specific source. Limitations and implications are noted and recommendations for future research are made. This study was funded by the National Institutes on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.


Assuntos
Alcoolismo/psicologia , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Sobreviventes/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adulto , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Alcoolismo/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/diagnóstico
16.
Behav Sci Law ; 28(1): 58-83, 2010.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20101588

RESUMO

In three studies, we investigated support for applying sex offender registry laws to juveniles. Family law attorneys supported registry laws less for juveniles than for adults. Laypeople and prosecutors supported juvenile and adult sex offender registration equally--even though they perceived juveniles as generally less threatening than adults (Study 1)--because most people spontaneously envision a severe sex offender prototype regardless of offender age (Study 2). People are less supportive of registry laws, however, when they envision less severe prototypes spontaneously (Study 2) or when induced to do so (Study 3). Effects of offender age, offender prototypes, and offense severity were mediated by perceptions of threat posed by the juvenile sex offender (i.e., utilitarian concerns). The effect of offense severity was also mediated by moral outrage (i.e., retributive concerns).


Assuntos
Delinquência Juvenil , Opinião Pública , Sistema de Registros , Delitos Sexuais/legislação & jurisprudência , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Atitude , Criança , Humanos , Illinois , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
17.
J Child Sex Abus ; 18(4): 367-85, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19842535

RESUMO

This study examined the unique effects of child sexual abuse simultaneously with post-traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters, problem drinking, and illicit drug use in relation to sexual revictimization in a community sample of female adult sexual assault victims. Participants (N=555) completed two surveys a year apart. Child sexual abuse predicted more post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in adult sexual assault victims. Posttraumatic stress disorder numbing symptoms directly predicted revictimization, whereas other post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms (reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal) were related to problem drinking, which in turn predicted revictimization. Thus, numbing symptoms and problem drinking may be independent risk factors for sexual revictimization in adult sexual assault victims, particularly for women with a history of childhood sexual abuse.


Assuntos
Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Mulheres Maltratadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Adulto , Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Mulheres Maltratadas/psicologia , Comorbidade , Vítimas de Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Controle Interno-Externo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Ajustamento Social , Maus-Tratos Conjugais/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
18.
Addict Behav ; 34(11): 965-8, 2009 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19501469

RESUMO

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and problem drinking are common and often co-occurring sequelae experienced by women survivors of adult sexual assault, yet it remains unclear whether survivors drink to cope with PTSD symptoms or whether PTSD symptoms are exacerbated by drinking. Thus, we used a cross-lagged panel design with a large (N=555), ethnically diverse sample of women assault survivors to determine whether PTSD prospectively led to problem drinking or vice versa. We also examined whether cumulative sexual victimization experiences related to greater PTSD and problem drinking. Structural equation modeling revealed that child sexual abuse was associated with greater symptoms of PTSD and problem drinking and intervening sexual victimization was associated with greater symptoms of PTSD and problem drinking 1 year later. We found no evidence, however, that PTSD directly influenced problem drinking over the long term, or vice versa. Rather, experiencing revictimization during the study predicted survivors' prospective PTSD and problem drinking symptoms. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.


Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Alcoolismo/psicologia , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Alcoolismo/complicações , Chicago , Abuso Sexual na Infância/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Estupro/psicologia , Fatores de Risco , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/complicações , Sobreviventes , Adulto Jovem
19.
Behav Sci Law ; 27(3): 401-30, 2009.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19391102

RESUMO

Understanding jurors' perceptions of juvenile defendants has become increasingly important as more and more juvenile cases are being tried in adult criminal court rather than family or juvenile court. Intellectual disability and child maltreatment are overrepresented among juvenile delinquents, and juveniles (particularly disabled juveniles) are at heightened risk for falsely confessing to crimes. In two mock trial experiments, we examined the effects of disability, abuse history, and confession evidence on jurors' perceptions of a juvenile defendant across several different crime scenarios. Abused juveniles were treated more leniently than nonabused juveniles only when the juvenile's crime was motivated by self-defense against the abuser. Jurors used disability as a mitigating factor, making more lenient judgments for a disabled than a nondisabled juvenile. Jurors also completely discounted a coerced confession for a disabled juvenile, but not for a nondisabled juvenile. In fact, compared with when it was portrayed as voluntary, jurors generally discounted a juvenile's coerced confession. Implications for public policy and directions for future research are discussed.


Assuntos
Maus-Tratos Infantis , Julgamento , Delinquência Juvenil/psicologia , Competência Mental/legislação & jurisprudência , Revelação da Verdade , Adolescente , Adulto , Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estados Unidos , Adulto Jovem
20.
Suicide Life Threat Behav ; 39(1): 47-57, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19298150

RESUMO

Relations between (a) serious suicidal ideation and attempts and (b) demographics, trauma history, assault characteristics, post-assault outcomes, and psychosocial variables were examined among female adult sexual assault survivors. Younger, minority, and bisexual survivors reported greater ideation. More traumas, drug use, and assault disclosure related to greater attempts, whereas perceived control over recovery was related to fewer attempts. Child sexual abuse and some assault characteristics predicted suicidal behavior. Depression was related to suicidal behavior until psychosocial variables were accounted for. Specifically, using substances to cope and self-blame predicted greater ideation, whereas receiving aid/information support was related to less ideation. Implications for research and treatment are discussed.


Assuntos
Delitos Sexuais , Suicídio/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Envelhecimento , Depressão , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Grupos Raciais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sexualidade , Apoio Social , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Pensamento
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