Type-specific quantification of particulate methane monooxygenase gene of methane-oxidizing bacteria at the oxic-anoxic interface of a surface paddy soil by digital PCR.

Aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) play an important role in mitigating methane emissions from paddy fields. In this study, we developed a differential quantification method for the copy number of pmoA genes of type Ia, Ib, and IIa MOB in paddy field soil using chip-based digital PCR. Three probes specific to the pmoA of type Ia, Ib, and IIa MOB worked well in digital PCR quantification when genomic DNA of MOB isolates and PCR-amplified DNA fragments of pmoA were examined as templates. When pmoA genes in the surface soil layer of a flooded paddy were quantified by digital PCR, the copy numbers of type Ia, Ib, and IIa MOB were 105 -106 , 105 -106 , and 107 copies g-1 dry soil, respectively, with the highest values in the top 0-2-mm soil layer. Especially, the copy numbers of type Ia and Ib MOB increased by 240% and 380% at the top layer after soil flooding, suggesting that the soil circumstances at the oxic-anoxic interfaces were more preferential for growth of type I MOB than type II MOB. Thus, type I MOB likely play an important role in the methane consumption at the surface paddy soil.

1,4-Bis[(3,5-dimethoxy-phen-yl)ethyn-yl]benzene.

The title compound, C(26)H(22)O(4), is a derivative of 1,4-bis-(phenyl-ethyn-yl)benzene substituted by four meth-oxy groups on the terminal benzene rings. The mol-ecule is almost planar with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.266 Å. The dihedral angles between the two terminal benzene rings and the central benzene ring are 7.96 (6) and 13.32 (7)°. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules aggregate via C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming mol-ecular tapes along the a axis, which aggregate to form a herring-bone structure.