Direct Methylation of Benzene with Methane Catalyzed by Co/MFI Zeolite.

Cobalt-loaded MFI zeolite showed distinct activity for direct methylation of benzene with methane into toluene. High activity was found at around 0.6 of Co/Al molar ratio. Incorporation of carbon from methane into the methyl group of toluene was confirmed with isotope tracer experiments and mass spectroscopy. Ammonia infrared-mass spectroscopy temperature-programmed desorption, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure indicated that Lewis acidic divalent (+II of oxidation state) Co species mono-atomically dispersed on the ion exchange site of MFI zeolite was the active species.

Resection of peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerve compared to conventional posterior neurectomy in severe allergic rhinitis.

OBJECTIVE: Transnasal resection of the posterior nasal nerve (TRPN) is the surgical procedure for drug therapy-resistant, intractable allergic rhinitis (AR). Submucous inferior turbinectomy also improves nasal symptoms in severe AR. Surgical injury to this peripheral nerve fibre may be the major cause of the decrease in allergic symptoms. During submucous turbinectomy, we have identified the peripheral branches of the posterior nasal nerve in the inferior turbinate and resected them (SRPN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of turbinoplasty with SRPN in severe AR. METHODS: Improvements in subjective symptoms were compared between 13 patients who underwent SRPN with turbinoplasty (Group 1) and 11 who underwent TRPN combined with turbinoplasty and SRPN (Group 2) by retrospective chart review. Pre- and postoperative sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal obstruction were evaluated with questionnaires. Postoperative complications and drug therapy before and after surgery were investigated. RESULTS: All symptoms improved postoperatively in both groups, with no significant differences in the improvements in nasal symptom scores between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: SRPN combined with submucosal turbinectomy was shown to be a safe, useful, and efficient approach to patients with AR unresponsive to medical therapy. Although this is a short-term study, the results of this study suggest that SRPN represents one of the treatment options for intractable AR.