RESUMO
There are several reports of lactam cyclizations, but most yield less-substituted lactam rings. Therefore, diastereoselective cyclization to yield highly substituted lactams is one of the challenges in this field. We therefore propose a strategy involving the reactions of α-halocarboxamides with E/Z-mixed internal olefins here. An Fe/triphos catalyst system is effective in reactions between α-bromocarboxamides and internal olefins to form trans lactams with quaternary carbons. Control experiments reveal that the reaction involves a radical process. This reaction may be useful in the field of pharmaceuticals, as γ-lactam moieties constitute the core structures of numerous drugs and natural alkaloids.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Alcenos , Ciclização , Alcenos/química , Estrutura Molecular , Lactamas , Catálise , Preparações FarmacêuticasRESUMO
CLinical Accounting InforMation (CLAIM) is a standard for the exchange of data between patient accounting systems and electronic medical record (EMR) systems. It uses eXtensible Markup Language (XML) as a meta-language and was developed in Japan. CLAIM is subordinate to the Medical Markup Language (MML) standard, which allows the exchange of medical data between different medical institutions. It has inherited the basic structure of MML 2.x and the current version, version 2.1, contains two modules and nine data definition tables. In China, no data exchange standard yet exists that links EMR systems to accounting systems. Taking advantage of CLAIM's flexibility, we created a localized Chinese version based on CLAIM 2.1. Since Chinese receipt systems differ from those of Japan, some information such as prescription formats, etc. are also different from those in Japan. Two CLAIM modules were re-engineered and six data definition tables were either added or redefined. The Chinese version of CLAIM takes local needs into account, and consequently it is now possible to transfer data between the patient accounting systems and EMR systems of Chinese medical institutions effectively.
Assuntos
Contabilidade , Sistemas de Informação/instrumentação , Idioma , Design de Software , Contabilidade/métodos , Contabilidade/organização & administração , China , Humanos , Sistemas de Informação/organização & administração , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos/instrumentação , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
Medical Markup Language (MML) is a standard for the exchange of medical data among different medical institutions. It was developed in Japan in 1995. Since version 2.21, MML has used eXtensible Markup Language (XML) as a meta-language. The latest version, 3.0, conforms to HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA) and contains 14 modules and 36 data definition tables. In China, a standard which structures entire medical records in XML does not yet exist. Taking advantage of MML's flexibility, we created a localized Chinese version based on MML 3.0. Parts of the original specifications have been enhanced; these include a newly developed health insurance information module and 12 additional or redefined data definition tables. The Chinese version takes local needs into account and now makes it possible to exchange medical data among Chinese medical institutions.
Assuntos
Idioma , Registro Médico Coordenado/instrumentação , Design de Software , China , Humanos , Registro Médico Coordenado/normas , Programas Nacionais de SaúdeRESUMO
With the evolving and diverse electronic medical record (EMR) systems, there appears to be an ever greater need to link EMR systems and patient accounting systems with a standardized data exchange format. To this end, the CLinical Accounting InforMation (CLAIM) data exchange standard was developed. CLAIM is subordinate to the Medical Markup Language (MML) standard, which allows the exchange of medical data among different medical institutions. CLAIM uses eXtensible Markup Language (XML) as a meta-language. The current version, 2.1, inherited the basic structure of MML 2.x and contains two modules including information related to registration, appointment, procedure and charging. CLAIM 2.1 was implemented successfully in Japan in 2001. Consequently, it was confirmed that CLAIM could be used as an effective data exchange format between EMR systems and patient accounting systems.
Assuntos
Contas a Pagar e a Receber , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos , Software , Integração de Sistemas , Formulário de Reclamação de Seguro , Japão , Linguagens de ProgramaçãoRESUMO
Medical Markup Language (MML), as a set of standards, has been developed over the last 8 years to allow the exchange of medical data between different medical information providers. MML Version 2.21 used XML as a metalanguage and was announced in 1999. In 2001, MML was updated to Version 2.3, which contained 12 modules. The latest version--Version 3.0--is based on the HL7 Clinical Document Architecture (CDA). During the development of this new version, the structure of MML Version 2.3 was analyzed, subdivided into several categories, and redefined so the information defined in MML could be described in HL7 CDA Level One. As a result of this development, it has become possible to exchange MML Version 3.0 medical documents via HL7 messages.
Assuntos
Aplicações da Informática Médica , Computação em Informática Médica , Sistemas Computadorizados de Registros Médicos/normas , Linguagens de Programação , Registro Médico Coordenado/normas , Design de SoftwareRESUMO
As a set of standards, Medical Markup Language (MML) has been developed over the last 8 years to allow the exchange of medical data between different medical information providers MML version 2.21 was characterized by XML as metalanguage and was announced in 1999, at which time full-scale implementation tests were carried out; subsequently, various information and functional inadequacies were discovered in this version. MML was therefore updated to version 2.3 in 2001. At present, MML contains 12 MML modules including the new referral, test result, and report modules. In version 2.3, the group ID element was added; the access right definition and health insurance module were amended.