Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas , Vírus da Dengue/isolamento & purificação , Dengue , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa/prevenção & controle , Exantema/diagnóstico por imagem , Hidratação/métodos , Adulto , Animais , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/prevenção & controle , Doenças Transmissíveis Importadas/transmissão , Dengue/diagnóstico , Dengue/fisiopatologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Vetores de Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/métodos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
After a long juvenile period, citrus trees undergo seasonal flowering cycles. Under natural conditions, citrus flowering is regulated mainly by low ambient temperatures around 15-20 °C and water deficit stress. Recent studies have revealed that fluctuations in the expression of citrus homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT, encoding a flowering integrator) are correlated with their presumed role as flower-promoting signals. Previous ectopic expression analyses have demonstrated the flower-promoting function of citrus FT homologs. In this study, we examined whether abscisic acid (ABA) affects the expression of FT homologs and the flowering induced by low ambient temperatures. Application of exogenous ABA to potted Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) trees resulted in transient accumulation of citrus FT homolog transcripts. The promoter of one citrus FT homolog, CiFT3, was active in transgenic A. thaliana (Arabidopsis thaliana) and responded to exogenous and endogenous ABA. CiFT3 is preferentially expressed in shoots, and its expression was affected by flower-inductive treatments. Endogenous ABA accumulated in mandarin shoots during the floral induction period at 15 °C and under field conditions. The accumulation of ABA was correlated with the accumulation of FT homolog transcripts and flowering intensity. It was consistent with changes in the expression of genes related to ABA metabolism. The abundance of carotenoid precursors that serve as substrates for ABA biosynthesis decreased in leaves during the accumulation of ABA. Our data indicate that ABA and carotenoid precursors in leaves influence the flowering of mandarin trees induced by low temperature.
Assuntos
Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Citrus/genética , Flores/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Citrus/metabolismo , Temperatura Baixa , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
We conducted a preliminary investigation of the effects of visible light irradiation on plant extracts, and we observed a strong suppressive effect on interleukin (IL) 2 expression with the inhibition of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in Jurkat cells by visible light irradiation to ethanol extract from green soybeans (LIEGS). This effect was produced only by extracts from green soybeans (Glycine max) and not other-color soybeans. LIEGS suppressed the lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-α expression levels in human monocyte THP-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. LIEGS was applied for 8 weeks to NC/Nga mice. LIEGS suppressed the development of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions and reduced the dermatitis scores of the mice. The light irradiation changed the various types of small-molecule compounds in extracts. Visible light irradiation to daidzein with chlorophyll b induced a novel oxidative product of daidzein. This product suppressed IL-2 expression in Jurkat cells.
