Up-regulation of interleukin-6 and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the synovial fluid of temporomandibular joints affected by synovial chondromatosis.

Our aim was to explore important inflammatory mediators for synovial chondromatosis in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) by analysing synovial fluid. Samples were collected from 10 patients with unilateral synovial chondromatosis of the TMJ. Control samples were obtained from 11 subjects with no symptoms in the TMJ. Concentrations of aggrecan, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8 (CXCL8), IL-10, interferon (IFN)-γ, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A were measured in the samples of synovial fluid, and the results in the two groups compared. The tissues from the affected TMJ were examined histologically and immunohistochemically. Of the proteins evaluated, the concentrations of aggrecan, IL-6, and VEGF-A were significantly higher in the group with synovial chondromatosis. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that the synovial cells around the osteocartilaginous nodules were vigorously expressing VEGF-A. IL-6 and VEGF-A are thought to have important roles in the pathology of synovial chondromatosis of the TMJ.

Stereotactic radiosurgery in combination with chemotherapy as primary treatment for head and neck cancer.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery on local control and organ preservation in cases of primary head and neck cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 14 patients with a mean age of 73 years were treated between March 2006 and September 2007 with stereotactic radiosurgery for the management of primary head and neck cancer. The patients had biopsy confirmation of disease before treatment and all patients were confirmed with squamous cell carcinoma. The staging consisted of T2 (5 cases), T3 (3 cases), T4 (6 cases), N0 (13 cases), and N1 (1 case). Marginal doses were 3,500 to 4,200 cGy in 3 or 5 fractions. The outcome was assessed according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria based on magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. RESULTS: Significant tumor reduction was noted at the third month of follow-up with 5 complete responses and 9 partial responses. At a mean follow-up of 36 months (range, 14-40 mo) the local control and overall survival rates were 71.4% (10/14) and 78.6% (11/14), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the feasibility of using stereotactic radiosurgery for primary head and neck cancer and its potential benefit in local control and organ preservation.

Stereotactic radiosurgery may contribute to overall survival for patients with recurrent head and neck carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to examine the effect of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the treatment of advanced, recurrent lesions for head and neck carcinoma both with and without lymph node involvement. METHODS: Between April 2006 and July 2007, 22 patients (mean age 67 years) with advanced, recurrent head and neck carcinoma were treated with stereotactic radiosurgery. All of the patients except one had biopsy confirmed disease prior to stereotactic radiosurgery. Patients included 3 rT2, 8 rT3, and 9 rT4; 8 of the patients had lymph node metastases. Marginal SRS doses were 20-42 Gy delivered in two to five fractions. Starting one month after SRS, all patients received S-1 oral chemotherapy for one year. RESULTS: At an overall median follow-up of 24 months (range, 4-39 months), for the 14 locally recurrent patients without lymph node metastases, 9 patients (64.3%) had a complete response (CR), 1 patient (7.1%) had a partial response (PR), 1 patient (7.1%) had stable disease (SD), and 3 patients (21.4%) had progressive disease (PD). For the 8 patients with lymph node metastases, 1 patient with a single retropharyngeal (12.5%) had CR; the remaining 7 patients (87.5%) all progressed. Nine patients have died from their cancer. The overall actuarial 2-year survival for the patients with and without lymph node metastases is 12.5% and 78.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the benefit of stereotactic radiosurgery salvage treatment for advanced, recurrent lesions, without lymph node metastases in previously irradiated head and neck cancer.